This article is devoted to the study of directions of financial safety of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises through the assessment of indicators economic activity and analysis of the export potential of agricultural products. The financial indicators of economic activity of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises, which affect the ensuring of financial safety, are determined. The activity of large Ukrainian agricultural enterprises in terms of their capitalization and formation of own capital are studied. Analyzed the commodity structure of exports agricultural products of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises and determined the amount of foreign exchange earnings from EU countries. Due to economic-statistical and mathematical tools, a study of the dependence of GDP and the euro on foreign exchange earnings from exports of agricultural products of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises to the EU countries. Offered the scheme of directions of maintenance of financial safety of the agricultural enterprises of Ukraine in the context of internal environment of activity of economic entities and stabilization of macroeconomic indicators of the country.
Modern leading theoretical and methodological studies demonstrate that the issue of bonuses significance in the production and economic mechanism is not controversial. Currently, an order has been established where economic incentive funds are formed according to fixed standards, approved in differentiated amounts by year of economic development cycle; the main fund-forming indicators are performance to the supply plan of finished products under the concluded contracts, increase in labour productivity, improvement of finished product quality and volume growth net profit. The introduction of long-term wage standards for the hryvnia finished product strengthens the economic interest of labour collectives in increasing labour productivity and reducing staff turnover, improving the procedure of material incentives for combining professions, high rates and criteria for evaluating quality in labour, introducing technologically founded standards. This paper focuses on the issue of assessing and determining leading methods for promoting finished product quality. We employ both theoretical and empirical tools for achieving this goal and for deriving relevant outcomes and policy implications.
Purpose. The study is aimed at optimizing and reducing delays in crisis situations in the operation of decision support systems to eliminate the consequences of pollution of water areas. Methodology. The presented study uses the fundamental provisions of modern science to find the optimal solution in crisis situations. Methods of abstraction and mathematical formalization were used to solve the problem of minimizing the delay time of information packets in providing critical information in conditions of overloading information channels. Findings. It has been proven that a decrease in the volume of losses is possible in the case of effective management of the elimination of pollution, prompt minimization of its consequences. It has been established that the effectiveness of management to minimize the consequences of an accident is determined by the effectiveness of the information system, and largely depends not only on relevant information, but also on the timeliness of its receipt by the subject of decision-making. A mathematical model and an algorithm for optimizing information flows have been created, which provide minimal delays in obtaining information even under conditions of extreme load of the information system. It has been proven that the task of effective management of an information system can be reduced to minimizing the delay in the provision of critical information. As a result of the study, it was found that for a large information system, which includes more than forty subunits and satellite systems, the use of the proposed approach provides a decrease in the response delay to an information request of time, which does not exceed a minute. Originality. To prevent delays in the operation of the information management system for the elimination of pollution of water areas, a scientific and applied approach to optimize the information system is proposed, which uses the theory of graphs and Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm and implements effective management of information flow. A mathematical model and an original algorithm have been developed that allow reducing delays in work and providing a resource utilization factor better than the existing analogues. Practical value. The presented approach will make it possible to increase the efficiency and reliability of information systems for managing technogenic pressure on water areas in crisis situations, reduce the time for providing the necessary information and, thereby, reduce the consequences of pollution and the costs associated with their neutralization. The data obtained in the course of the study are approximated by a polynomial equation, making it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of using the proposed method depending on the number of nodes of the information system and the requirements for limiting the delay time of information.
The formation of state-building processes requires the development of various sectors of the economy, and agriculture is no exception. In Ukraine, administrative-territorial reform was carried out, which led to the formation of administrative-territorial regulations (decentralization) – the creation of amalgamated territorial communities. Such formations are concentrated in cities, urban-type settlements and rural areas. The decentralization process has actively influenced the rural development in Ukraine. The aim of the study is to determine the directions of rural development in the decentralization process in Ukraine. It is based on the analysis of the current regulatory framework of Ukraine and the results of monitoring the decentralization process, as well as the assessment of the spheres of rural development in Ukraine (economic, social, environmental). The number of amalgamated territorial communities and residents, including ones in rural areas of Ukraine was analyzed. An assessment of the dynamics main indicators of agricultural activity in Ukraine was carried out, positive and negative trends were identified. A comparative analysis was conducted of the existing concept of rural development, based on state subsidies and the new one – through active investment in agriculture, development of promising activities in rural areas, attracting more actors and their collaboration. The results of study are the justification of current paradigm of rural development in Ukraine and the formation of appropriate concept. Prospects for rural development in decentralization are the introduction of entrepreneurship, diversification of agricultural production, investment in agriculture, increasing the economic entities in rural areas, increasing of employees and wages, introduction of organic agricultural production.
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