The sources of vascularization of the kidneys of five polar owl carcasses were studied by filling the vessels with self-hardening plastic Belokril through the femoral artery. High-grade oil paints were added to the monomer to give the vessels the desired color. After the injection, the carcasses were placed in a high concentration caustic soda solution for three days. The resulting corrosion impression was washed under warm water and dried. It was identified that in the lumbar trunk, the main vessel was the descending aorta, from which extra- and intraorganic arteries departed for vascularizing the kidneys. Extraorganic arteries included external and internal iliac, sciatic and middle sacral arteries. Intraorganic arteries included cranial, middle, and caudal renal arteries. Inside the parenchyma of each lobe of the kidney, intraorganic arteries branched in the main type of caudomedial, dorsomedial and lateromedial directions and were subdivided into segmental, interlobular and perilobular arteries and intralobular capillaries. An asymmetry in the branching of the renal arteries was observed. During histological examination, we noted that the renal arteries were lined with endothelium on the inner side and the intima contained endotheliocytes with oval nuclei. Under the endothelial layer were loose collagen fibers running along the middle shell. There was no loose connective tissue between the inner and middle shells, so the subendothelial layer was very weak and there was no internal elastic membrane. The muscle membrane was well developed, with collagen and elastic fibers located between the muscle fibers. The outer shell was represented by loose connective tissue with the presence of arterial and venous vessels. The collagen fibers had a slightly convoluted course. Keywords: birds, polar owl, arteries, kidneys, parenchyma, capillaries, endotheliocytes, intima
Extraction of the Arctic natural resources is the basis for the development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF), economic stability and energy security of Russia in the long term. The importance for the implementation of large-scale resource projects in the Far North is associated with logistics, which is provided by the Northern Sea Route. This article discusses the importance of the Arctic coal resources extraction for the integrated development of the Arctic region. At the moment, a number of large Arctic coal mining projects are being implementing. We analyzed their positive and negative aspects in the general context of the Arctic advancement, using general research methods of working with open data and publications. In addition, we have developed a step-by-step SWOT analysis of the Arctic coal extraction which includes five main points considering both the implementation of the Arctic coal mining projects and the overall socio-economic advancement of the Russian Arctic. As a result, we assessed the positive and negative aspects of the Arctic coal projects as well as the main opportunities that such projects open up and the threats that may affect the implementation. The study novelty lies in the application of the author's SWOT analysis methodology to the study of strategic prospects for development of the Arctic coal resources. It can be detailed by the research of the prospects of specific coal mineral resource centers.The author's methodology can also be applied to other types of Arctic mineral resources analysis.
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