Dadahup is a swampy irrigation area that belongs to the Indonesian national development program, namely the food estate project. The food estate project is a revitalization program for the former peatland development to increase national food security. Peatlands located in lowlands (less than +2.00 m above mean sea level) were a significant problem in their land development activities; besides, the land is generally infertile. The peatland development has been discontinuing, and farmers shifted the jobs to another job for a living. In terms of the water-related problems, The Dadahup swampy irrigation area development faces various challenges, some of which are flood inundation during the rainy season and difficulty in irrigating the land during the dry season. This paper evaluates the behavior flow of the channel network using the HEC-RAS software. The irrigation area has a channel network comprising a primary channel, a perimeter channel, and several secondary channels. It also has connections with three main rivers, i.e., the Barito, Mangkatip, and Kapuas Murung Rivers. The simulation results with several scenarios have contributed better understanding of the flow behavior. Further discussion has promoted a proper water management implementation strategy to overcome the inundation issue.
The success of beef cattle reproduction development in Indonesia very much depends on the quality of the semen produced by the Indonesian Institute for Artificial Insemination. Good quality bull will benefit farmers, frozen semen producers, and the country in large. This study aimed to determine effect of age and breed on the libido and quality of bull semen collected in the Regional Artificial Insemination Center (RAIC). This study used PO, Simmental, and Brahman Bull in RAIC Yogyakarta, with a total amount of 15, aged 4-7 years old. Semen was collected using an artificial vagina, semen evaluation used a spectrophotometer, and eosin-nigrosin staining method used for sperm viability and abnormalities examination. The result of this study indicated that bull breed did not affect the libido value and the semen quality of bulls (P>0,05). Volume, concentration, motility, and viability in various age groups did not show significant differences (P>0,05), but age groups had a significant effect on sperm abnormalities (P<0,05). The group of bulls aged 5-6 years showed the best quality compared to other groups, with the volume 4,58 ± 1,37 ml, concentration 1,91 ± 0,36 x109/ml, motility 3,80 ± 1,30, viability 89.83 ± 10.69%, and sperm abnormalities 2.51 ± 0.81%. It can be concluded that breed did not affect the bull libido and semen quality, while age had an effect on bull sperm abnormalities.
The study aims to determine the effects of vitamin C, vitamin E, and the combinations of vitamin C and E supplements on sperm quality of KUB Chicken for 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours in 4 °C at cold storage. A total of twelve KUB chickens were used in this study. The semen was collected by the dorso-abdominal massage method twice a week and diluted with Ringer's modified solution. The treatments were divided into four different treatment actions (P), the control group (P0) as neutral without supplement added, and the treatments group. The treatments were divided into three different groups, added vitamin C 200 µg/ml (P1), the vitamin E 5 µg/ml (P2), and combinations of vitamin C 200 µg/ml + vitamin E 5 µg/ml (P3). Evaluation rate included sperm motility, recovery rate, viability, membrane integrity, and DNA fragmentation after 2 (T1), 4 (T2), 8 (T3), 24 (T4), and 48 (T5) hours stored at 4°C. Whereas, the evaluation of motility, viability, and membrane integrity of T1, T2, and T3 storage showed no significant difference between treatment groups (P> 0.05), T4 and T5 in treatment group P2 were significantly higher (P<0.05) and P3 were lower (P<0.05) than the other treatment groups. DNA fragmentation examination on fresh semen at T5 storage showed no significant difference between treatment groups (P >0.05). This study concluded that vitamin E 5 µg/ml supplement bests to improve and extend the motility, viability, membrane integrity, and the combination of vitamin C and vitamin E may decrease the sperm quality KUB chickens up to 48 hours storage at 4°C.
The studies of spermatozoa DNA fragmentation at the level of different animal species are very limited. This study examined the sperm DNA fragmentation in several animal species (bulls, chickens, and mice) by utilizing terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. This study used a total of 24 different semen samples of Peranakan Ongole (PO bulls) or Ongole grade bull, chickens (KUB Chicken), and mice. Eight semen samples each were collected by three different methods. Semen samples of Peranakan Ongole (PO) bull were collected by artificial vagina method, semen samples of Kampung Unggul Balitnak (KUB) chicken were collected by abdominal massage method, and semen samples of mice were collected by epididymal collection method. Evaluation rate included the motility (%), viability (%) by eosin-nigrosine staining method, membrane integrity (%) by hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) method and sperm DNA fragmentation (%) by the TUNEL assay method. The results showed mice had the highest DNA fragmentation rates as compared to others species under study, while bull semen samples showed the lowest rates of DNA fragmentation. Significant differences in mice semen could be affected by the quality of chromatin. The TUNEL method might not effectively interpret the chicken semen samples better than the bulls and mice. However, sperm DNA fragmentation can be used to determine semen quality comprehensively based on the rates of DNA damage.
Damage due to oxidative stress during semen preservation can cause a decrease in motility, viability, and damage to plasma membranes that can reduce fertility rates. The use of antioxidants in semen preservation is very important to suppress lipid peroxidation so it can maintain the quality of the sperm. This study aimed to determine additional honey to the quality of KUB rooster sperm during cold storage. The semen with superior quality was diluted into four different treatments, lactate ringer egg yolk without honey as control (LREY0), LREY with 0.2% honey (LREY2), LREY with 0.4% honey (LREY4), and LREY with 0.6% honey (LREY6). Semen was stored at 5°C for 48 hours. The evaluation of semen quality includes an examination of spermatozoa motility using a microscope, the viability with the eosin-negrosin staining method, and membrane integrity using the hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) at the fresh semen, 5 th , 24 th , and 48 th hours post-cold storage. The results revealed that in the 5 th hour, percentage of motility, viability, and membrane integrity were not significantly different. However, at the 24 th and 48 th -hour results revealed significant differences by adding honey (P < 0,05). The 0.4% honey supplementation was the best to maintain KUB rooster quality until the 48 th hour with motility of up to 41.50±1.19%, the viability of up to 59.75±0.63%, and membrane integrity of up to 66.50±1.32%. It can be concluded from the current study that adding 0.4% honey can preserve the quality of KUB rooster sperm during cold storage.
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