Poly( a-ethynylnaphtha1ene)s (PENAPs) obtained with the Rh complex [Rh(norbornadiene)Cl], as a stereoregular polymerization catalyst of monosubstituted acetylene monomers and WCl, were studied by using the electron spin resonance (ESR) method to inspect the geometrical structure with respect to the C=C bond in the main chain where x-radicals called solitons may be stabilized in the conjugated polymer chain. In PENAP obtained as the immobile unpaired electrons were found to be stabilized in the polymer chain, indicating a short and restricted conjugated chain, i.e., formation of a cis-transoid polymer. In PENAP obtained with WCI, as catalyst more mobile unpaired electrons were found to be stabilized in the conjugated polymer chain not only at room temperature but also at lower temperature, indicating the presence of a n-conjugated main chain, i. e. of a trans-transoid polymer. Moreover it was found, interestingly, that the clearly resolved ESR spectrum with the hyperfine structure (soliton) could be observed at higher temperature, i. e., ca. 300 "C.
We developed a novel ELISA kit for cow's milk detection in accordance with the official Japanese method for extraction (official extraction method), which is used for monitoring the appropriateness of food product labeling in Japan. The monoclonal antibody used in the kit was prepared using native or reduced and carboxymethylated cow's milk β -lactoglobulin as an immunizing antigen. The newly developed ELISA kit detected cow' s milk protein solubilized in 2-mercaptoethanol and sodium dodecyl sulfate, which is used in the official extraction method. The detectable range of egg protein concentrations was 0. 8-50. 0 ng/mL (equivalent to 0. 3-20. 0 µg/g food). Crossreactivity with both sheep's milk and duck's milk, but not with other food ingredients, was observed. Spike recovery tests using model processed foods showed that recovery ranged from 61. 1-77. 9 %, and intra-and inter-assay coefficients of variation were less than 6.5 % and 7.9 %, respectively. Based on the official extraction method for quantitative analysis of cow's milk in specified food ingredients, these results suggest that a simple, monoclonal antibody-based ELISA kit is as effective as the conventional method for cow's milk protein detection.
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