Changes of dermal and urinary acidic glycosaminoglycans in Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus (LSA) were investigated with the following results: 1. Hyaluronic acid (HA) was excreted in urine of a patient with LSA. 2. HA and low sulfate chondroitin were eluted with 0.5 M NaCl by Bio Rad AG 1- X 2 (Cl- form) column chromatography. 3. Involved dermal tissue contained only about 50% of HA in the skin of a healthy adult.
We construct a set of exact ground states with a localized ferromagnetic domain wall and an extended spiral structure in a quasi-one-dimensional deformed flatband Hubbard model. In the case of quarter filling, we show the uniqueness of the ground state with a fixed magnetization. The ground states with these structures are degenerate with the all-spin-up and all-spin-down states. This property of the degeneracy is the same as the domain wall solutions in the XXZ Heisenberg-Ising model. We derive a useful recursion relation for the normalization of the domain wall ground state. Using this recursion relation, we discuss the convergence of the ground state expectation values of arbitrary local operators in the infinite-volume limit. In the ground state of the infinite-volume system, the translational symmetry is spontaneously broken by this structure. We prove that the cluster property holds for the domain wall ground state and excited states. We also estimate bounds of the ground state expectation values of several observables, such as one-and two-point functions of spin and electron number density. keywords: ferromagnetic domain wall, spiral state, flat-band Hubbard model, exact solution, quantum effect, cluster property
We construct a set of exact ground states with a localized ferromagnetic domain wall and an extended spiral structure in a deformed flat-band Hubbard model. In the case of quarter filling, we show the uniqueness of the ground state with a fixed magnetization. We discuss a more realistic situation given by a band-bending perturbation, which can stabilize these curious structures. We study a conduction electron scattered by the domain wall and the spiral spins. PACS numbers: 75.10.-b, 75.10.Lp, 75.60.Ch Keywords: ferromagnetic domain wall, spiral state, flat-band Hubbard model, exact solution, quantum effect The operators a xσ and d † yτ are always anticommuting {a xσ , d † yτ } = 0, x = odd, y = even, σ, τ =↑, ↓ . (3)The Hamiltonian is written in terms of the above opera-
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