Effects of Fatigue on Immune Function in Nurses PerformingShift Work: Makie Nagai, et al. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University-Objectives:We investigated the effects of fatigue on NK cell function and lymphocyte subpopulations in nurses performing shift work using a longitudinal design. Methods: Fiftyseven female nurses engaged in shift work at a hospital in Japan were selected for our study cohort. The hospital used a counterclockwise rotating three-shift system. Night shifts followed day shifts after a sevenhour interval. Immune parameters measured at the beginning of the day shift through to the end of the night shift were compared between two groups stratified by their level of fatigue. Statistical differences were evaluated after adjusting for baseline immune values and other demographic features. Results: Subjective feelings of fatigue increased progressively from the beginning of day shifts to the end of night shifts. From the beginning of day shifts to the end of night shifts, NK cell activity and CD16 + CD56 + lymphocytes decreased, while CD3 + and CD4 + lymphocytes increased. The group with the greater increase in fatigue showed a larger decrease in NK cell activity and a larger increase in CD4 + lymphocytes when compared with the group reporting less fatigue. These findings did not change after adjusting for demographic factors and sleep hours. Conclusion: Our data suggest that shift work has deleterious effects on NK cell function and that the effects depend on the degree of fatigue. Proper management of shift work may lessen fatigue in workers and also ameliorate many health problems experienced by shift workers. (J Occup Health 2011; 53: 312-319)
The purpose of the study was to analyze the worries of independent older people regarding health and daily life. We collected data from 259 people who responded to the free descriptive questionnaire and analyzed it qualitatively and inductively. Thirteen categories derived from the results were classified into 6 types of worries: health worries, life function worries, daily life worries, long-term care worries, family relationship worries, and future life worries. Promoting the prevention of "long-term care status," the need for physical nursing care, in a super aging society, where the population of 65 years or older is more than 21% of all of the population, requires consideration of not only measures to deal with physical symptoms, but also measures to deal with psychological aspects, and social aspects.
Objective: e aim of this study was to nd out what e ects nurses experienced when working with nursing practicum students in clinical training. e study was conducted at a psychiatric hospital. Subjects and Methods: Face-to-face interviews with 4 nurses who participated in practice unit and a group interview with other medical sta in the ward were conducted and data was analyzed qualitatively. In addition, self-report questionnaires asking about job stress and burnout responses were given to 30 nurses in the ward and the results were analyzed and compared with results from 14 nurses in the control group. Results: e changes nurses and other medical sta expressed were: increased learning, improvement in service quality, increased tension, increased enthusiasm, and more e ort toward improvement in patient care. No signi cant changes were seen in job stress or burnout scores between nurses in the subject group and those in the control group. Conclusion: e results suggest that working with nursing practicum students could contribute to improved nursing competence of clinical nurses without increasing their stress. 4 6
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