LV hypertrophy is an independent determinant of LA dilation in patients with normal LAD. Assessment of LA morphology using LAV can contribute to risk stratification in patients with normal LAD.
We present a case of a rare combination of ventricular septal defect and atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) with a patent foramen ovale (PFO) in a 57-year-old female. She was referred to our hospital for the treatment of irregular palpitation and exertional shortness of breath. Two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2D-TEE) with color Doppler imaging demonstrated an ASA with two lines of shunt flows. Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) could clearly visualize the morphology of the PFO in the surgeon's view and demonstrated a crescent-shaped opening of the PFO. 3D-TEE appears to be a more accurate modality than 2D-TEE for the assessment of PFO.
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