ME1071, a maleic acid derivative, is a novel specific inhibitor for metallo--lactamases (MBL). In this study, the potentiation of ME1071 in combination with several -lactams was evaluated using MBL-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. The rates of susceptibility of MBL producers to carbapenems (imipenem, biapenem, and doripenem) and ceftazidime were increased by 8 to 27% in the presence of 32 g/ml of ME1071. The corresponding resistance rates were decreased by 13 to 46%, respectively. On the other hand, ME1071 showed weaker or no potentiation with non-MBL producers. The K i value of ME1071 for IMP-1 was 0.4 M, significantly lower than the K m values of carbapenems for the IMP-1 enzyme. On the other hand, the K i value of ME1071 for VIM-2 was 120 M, higher than the K m values of carbapenems for the VIM-2 enzyme. Results of this study indicate that ME1071 can potentiate the activity of ceftazidime and carbapenems against MBL-producing strains of P. aeruginosa.
BackgroundFalls may cause serious health conditions among older population. Fall-related physical factors are thought to be associated with occlusal conditions. However, few studies examined the relationship between occlusal force and falls. To identify the association between occlusal force and falls among community-dwelling elderly individuals in Japan, public health nurses conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study.MethodsWe performed extensive physical assessments of five items: maximum occlusal force, handgrip strength, maximal knee extensor strength, one-leg standing time with eyes open and body sway. We also conducted a questionnaire survey concerning the participants’ demographic characteristics, health status and fall experience during the past year. Mean scores and standard deviations were calculated for age and the total points of the index of activities of daily living. Associations were examined using Mann-Whitney tests and logistic regression.ResultsWe examined 159 community-dwelling people aged ≥65 years, who were independent and active, including 38 participants (24.5%) with experience of falls in the past year. Maximum occlusal force had significant correlation with handgrip strength, maximal knee extensor strength, and one-leg standing time and body sway (P < .05, respectively). We found weak associations between participants with and without a history of falls in terms of the five physical measurements. Logistic regression analysis showed that fall experience was significantly associated with maximum occlusal force (P = 0.004).ConclusionsThis is the first study, led by public health nursing researchers, to examine the associations between maximum occlusal force and falls among community-dwelling elderly in Japan. The results showed that maximum occlusal force was significantly related to the other four extensive physical assessments, and might also suggest that maximum occlusal force assessment by public health nurses could contribute to more sophisticated and precise prediction of fall risks among the community-dwelling elderly. The latest occlusal force measurement device is non-invasive and easy to use. Public health nurses can introduce it at periodical community health checkup assembly events, which might contribute to raising awareness among community-dwelling elderly individuals and public health nurses about fall prevention and prediction.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12877-018-0805-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
The purpose of the present study was to report the prevalence and circumstances of falls among community-dwelling elderly people in order to contribute to prevention of falls in the community. The subjects were 2,774 elderly people who participated in health examinations conducted by Tokoname-shi, Aichi Prefecture in 2002. The variables investigated in the present study were demography and history of falls in the past one-year. Circumstances of falls, e.g. time, location, activities associated with falls, cause of falls and degree of injury due to falls were asked when the subjects experienced a fall. The prevalence of falls among 2,774 subjects was 13.7%. It was significantly higher among women (17.2%) than men (8.3%, chi 2 = 48.1, p < 0.001). Prevalence increased as subjects get older. Circumstances of falls were assessed in 655 subjects. The distribution of time, location, activity associated with falls, cause and injury due to falls corresponded with previous fall studies among community dwelling elderly people. The incidence of falls was extremely high during the daytime and outdoors. Falls occurred most frequently while walking. The majority of falls were due to extrinsic factors. About 10% of all falls caused fracture.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ethnic difference in bone mass between Japanese and Inner Mongolian young premenopausal women and to assess the contribution of lifestyle related and anthropometric factors to bone mass. We studied 33 Japanese and 44 Inner Mongolian healthy young women, aged 20-34 years, in urban area. Speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and stiffness index (SI) were measured at the calcaneus using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) analysis. Age at menarche, regularity of menstruation and lifestyle related factors were estimated by a self-reported questionnaire. There were no differences between the two groups in age, height, weight, BMI, regularity of menstruation, frequency of meat intake, frequency of yellow-green vegetable intake and exercise habit. Japanese women had significantly lower age at menarche and higher proportion of milk consumption habit at junior high school, senior school and present. Before adjustment, Japanese women had significantly higher SOS and SI than Inner Mongolian women. However, after adjustment for age at menarche and milk consumption habit at junior high school, both of which were significantly different between groups, no group-differences remained in either SOS or SI. These results suggest that the differences in age at menarche and milk consumption habit at junior high school, which relate to hormonal and nutritional status during puberty, may account for the differences in bone mass between Japanese and Inner Mongolian young women.
We have examined the relationship between visual sense information, such as perception data and postural control, and falls among elderly people aged 65 years or over living in Nishibiwajima-cho, Aichi Prefecture. Of 286 participants, 204 were enrolled and analyzed, after excluding those with a visual acuity of less than 0.3, or the activities of daily living (ADL) index of less than 11. In the analysis group, 52 people (25.2%) had already had experience of falls. Two-way analysis of variance showed that intensity of dynamic visual stimulation and the presence or absence of falls had a significant effect on body sway, although no interaction was observed. These results indicate that body sway is increased in those who have experience of falls, and that strong visual stimulation is associated with body sway. This suggests that greater dynamic visual stimulation is likely to increase the risk of falls.
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