In this paper a Dual Band Microstrip Patch Antenna with U-shaped Defected Ground Structure at 5.9 GHz and 27 GHz is designed and analyzed to cater wireless applications. The wideband behavior of the antenna is achieved by inserting U-shape DGS structure in the ground plane. The parameters such as gain, reflection coefficient (S11), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), radiation pattern, and percentage bandwidth is evaluated to measure antenna performance. Here two frequencies are considered for wireless applications. One is at 5.9 GHz for Wi-Fi as well as Wi-Max applications. The second is at 24.4 GHz and 27 GHz for 5G network applications. The High-Frequency Structure Simulator tool is used to simulate the proposed antenna. Here, RT 5880 Duroid material of thickness 1.6 mm with a relative dielectric constant of 2.2 and substrate size of 36 mm x 40 mm with line feeding technique is considered for experimentation. From the simulation results, it is observed that the antenna achieves a bandwidth of 170 MHz with a gain of 14 dB, S11 of -15.52 dB, and VSWR of 1.4 at a resonant frequency of 5.9 GHz. Further, the bandwidth of 840 MHz with a gain of 15.75 dB, S11 of -18.37 dB, and VSWR of 1.35 is achieved at the resonant frequency of 24.4 GHz. Whereas, wide bandwidth with a gain of 3.28 dB, S11 of -14.79 dB, and VSWR of 1.45 at a resonant frequency of 27 GHz is achieved. The antenna can operate for 5.9 GHz, 24.4 GHz, and 27 GHz covering Wi-MAX and Mobile 5G applications. This work significantly improves the MSPA performance parameters as compared to existing techniques. Future scope lies in improving the impedance matching and reducing the surface currents.
Fading, interference, and collisions cause unpredictable data loss in a wireless channel. In the recent past, the use of polar codes for error detection and correction scaled downed the data error rate considerably. With the introduction of 5G mobile network, minimizing the data loss and enhancing the performance becomes imperative. Here, the use of polar codes based OFDM-HARQ mechanism with CRC is simulated and implemented. The proposed technique was tested for various fading channels. A bundling mechanism is used to attain the optimal number of retransmissions to accomplish better frame dropping ratio and throughput. It has been observed that the bit error rate of the proposed system has improved by optimizing Eb/No and bandwidth. At this optimum setting, the bit error rate has been enhanced by 25%. At the same time, the system optimizes retransmission count to a value of three, which improves frame error rate at the desirable bit error rate of 10 À6 . Further, the use of the proposed optimized polar code reduces complexity computations from one third to one fifth as compared to conventional system modeling using turbo codes. An enhancement in frame dropping ratio by 8% to 12% as well as throughput by 10.23% to 14.33% is achieved. The work carried on the hardware system shows that data loss in the OFDM-HARQ communication system can be minimized by improving the bit error rate and throughput required for device-to-device communication in the 5G network.
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