Increasing the wind energy penetration in a power system presents some technical challenges to the transmission expansion planning (TEP). In the first stage of TEP, the transmission bottlenecks should be determined and ranked via security assessment. The high penetration of wind energy means a large number of wind farms exist in various geographic areas. It is found that there is a correlation between the wind speed series of different farms. Therefore, integration of the correlated wind farms into security assessment is addressed in this study. Hence, a new model of wind speed prediction is presented based on the correlated autoregressive moving average time series. The copula functions are used to make the predefined correlation among wind speed series. Here a linear correlation using a Gaussian copula is implemented. Then, the risk-based security assessment is performed using the proposed sequential time simulation. The proposed process is applied to the modified IEEE 39-bus test system which comprises 15 wind farms. Then, the transmission bottlenecks are identified and ranked regarding their overload risks. Finally, the impacts of the wind farms correlation on the risk index are investigated and those contingencies which impose the highest influence on this risk are identified.

SUMMARY Higher penetration of distributed generation in distribution systems makes the islanding operation more realistic. In this paper, an adequacy assessment is presented in the presence of wind energy sources in distribution system for an islanded area. Wind speed simulation is performed using auto‐regressive moving average time series. For adequacy assessment, well‐being indices are introduced and calculated for an islanded area through an islanding algorithm. Then, sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the dependency of well‐being indices on key parameters of analysis. Finally, the results are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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In this paper, the definition adjoint of the operator on fuzzy normed linear spaces is introduced. It is shown that if )

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Abstract. The problems of energy, environment protection and ecology play a major role in the development of economy strategy in any country. Most of the traditional power stations operating on organic fuels have a negative impact on the environment. Furthermore, there is a depletion of natural resources due to human activities. One of the ways to solve the problem of environmentally friendly energy production is to use alternative sources of energy. Based on the foregoing, the development of the strategy for the development of traditional and alternative energy must consider environmental and economic factors in a specific country. In the present work it was evaluated the environmental and economic efficiency of application of traditional and alternative energy with regard to the conditions of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The program packages RETScreen which is one of the most effective tools to accomplish the task was used. Calculations of cumulative cash flow from the operation of power plants using different types of primary energy are carried out using models of package RETScreen for assessing the input efficiency of various types of energy sources aiming to cover the intending growth in electricity demands and the environmental assessment with reference to different countries. The results of the study showed that the planning prospects of the development of energy systems in relation to the Islamic Republic of Iran to cover the expected growth in electricity demands it is advisable to use the alternative energy sources, and, first of all, the generating capacity based on solar and wind energy.Keywords: traditional and alternative energetic, RETScreen, ecological and economic effectiveness For citation: Mehdizadeh M.