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The effects of butyl chloride as a promoter in the ethylene polymerization were studied using a Mg(OEt) 2 /TiCl 4 /triethyl aluminum (TEA) Ziegler-Natta catalyst system, where Mg(OEt) 2 , TiCl 4 , TEA were used as support, catalyst, and activator, respectively. The influence of BC on the catalyst performance, polymerization rate, and polymer properties were investigated. This study strongly indicates that BC could act as a promoter with high performance in the ethylene polymerization. There was a remarkable increase in the catalyst yield and polymerization rate, in particularly, in the presence of hydrogen which was used for controlling the molecular weight. A reduction in the polymer molecular weight was observed in the presence of BC and hydrogen. The morphology of the polymers was evaluated through scanning electron microscopy and particle size distribution. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl.Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40189.

Polymerization of propylene was carried out by using a MgCl 2 -EtOH-TiCl 4 -ID-TEA-ED catalyst system in n-heptane, where ID (internal donor) was an organic diester, ED (external donor) was a silane compound, and TEA (triethyl aluminum) was the activator. The influences of temperature, pressure, time, hydrogen, and the molar ratios of Al/Ti and ED/Ti on polymer isotacticity and catalyst activity were studied by solubility in boiling n-heptane and measuring the polymer produced, respectively. The morphology of the polymers was evaluated through scanning electron microscopy and particle size distribution. The rheological properties of the poly(propylene) were determined by the melt flow index. It was found that the catalyst showed good morphology and high activity and also the produced polymers were characterized by high isotacticity and globulelike shapes.

Effect of chlorocyclohexane (CHC) on ethylene polymerization using MgCl 2 /TiCl 4 /TEA Ziegler-Natta catalyst system was studied, where MgCl 2 , TiCl 4 , and TEA (triethyl aluminum) were used as support, catalyst, and activator, respectively. The polymerization rate, catalyst activity, and produced polymer were significantly affected by the presence of CHC as a promoter. This study strongly indicates that CHC will act as a promoter with high performance in the ethylene polymerization. There was a remarkable increase in the catalyst yield and polymerization rate, particularly, in the presence of hydrogen which was used for controlling the molecular weight. A reduction in the polymer molecular weight was observed in the presence of CHC and hydrogen. The amount of the produced wax as a byproduct noticeably reduced. The morphology of the polymers was evaluated through scanning electron microscopy and particle size distribution.