Ischemic diseases characterized by an insufficient blood flow that leads to a decrease in oxygen and nutrient uptake by cells have emerged as an important contributor to both disability and death worldwide. Up-regulation of angiogenesis may be a key factor for the improvement of ischemic diseases. This article searched articles in PubMed with the following keywords: stem cells, exosomes, angiogenesis, ischemic diseases either alone or in grouping form. The most relevant selected items were stem cell-derived exosomes and ischemic diseases. A growing body of evidence indicates that stem cells produce exosomes, which is the novel emerging approach to cell-to-cell communication and offers a new standpoint on known therapeutic strategies of ischemic diseases. Exosomes transport biological molecules such as many types of proteins, RNAs, DNA fragments, signaling molecules, and lipids between cells. Different stem cells release exosomes representing beneficial effects on ischemic diseases as they promote angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Application of exosomes for therapeutic angiogenesis opened new opportunities in the regenerative medicine, however, some limitations regarding exosomes isolation and application remain concerned. In addition, most of the experiments were conducted in preclinical and therefore translation of these results from bench to bed requires more effort in this field. Exosomes from stem cells are a promising tool for the treatment of ischemic diseases. In addition, translation of pre-clinic results into clinic needs further studies in this field.

Background and aims: Road traffic accidents are one of the serious public health problems in the world that need to be prevented. Socio-economic status is one of the important factors related to traffic accidents. The incidence and mortality rate of traffic accidents also vary between different countries and even within a country. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the severity of traffic accident injuries and socioeconomic factors.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study involving 310 drivers caring following an accident in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia, Iran in 2020. The trauma severity scale of ISS ((Injury Severity Score) and the statistical model of rank logistic regression were used for this study.Results: Data showed a positive and significant relationship between the severity of injury and socio-economic factors including marital status (OR = 2.306, P = 0.024), education for high school (OR = 19.066, P = 0.013), and diploma (OR = 5.549, P = 0.011), household monthly income for 12.5 to 25 million Rials (OR = 4.87, P = 0.068), and for 25 to 37.5 million Rials (OR = 4.46, P = 0.079), occupation (OR = 2.491, P = 0.088), car monetary value for 0-550 million Rials (OR = 13.986, P = 0.001), and for 550-1100 million Rials (OR = 3.284, P = 0.016), as well the share of health care costs for 0-20% (OR = 22.389, P = 0.001) and for 20%-40% (OR = 3.664 P = 0.001), while there was not a significant association between the severity of injury and age (OR =0.889, P = 0.367), gender (OR = 1.391, P = 0.598), and monetary value of housing. Conclusion:The data indicate that there was a relationship between most of the socio-economic factors and the severity of injury. Based on the results, intervention programs on marital status, upgrading education, increasing monthly household income, improving working and occupational status, improving monetary value and car safety, and increasing the share of health and care costs in total expenditures are recommended.

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