Patients with dipstick-positive haematuria should be re-assessed by urine microscopy before referral. As only 1.4% of patients had a malignant pathology (all noninvasive), microscopic haematuria should be regarded as a separate entity from macroscopic haematuria, and such patients do not need to be referred urgently.

Background: Laryngoscopy is associated with a sympathetic response that results in a rapid increase in blood pressure and heart rate in these patients. The mechanisms underlying these hemodynamic changes are incompletely understood. They may be caused by a reflex sympathetic discharge due to stimulation of the upper respiratory tract. It has been observed that hemodynamic responses to tracheal intubation are associated with an increase in plasma catecholamine concentrations and are attenuated by β-adrenergic blockade. These hemodynamic changes may be undesirable particularly in neurosurgical patients. Aim of the study is the present study was prospective, randomized, double-blind conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dexmdetomidine and fentanyl in attenuation of pressor responses to laryngoscopy and intubation in neurosurgical patients undergoing lumbar spine surgeries.Methods: A total of 60 patients of 18–65 years, American Society of Anaesthesiologists Class I/II of undergoing elective neurosurgical procedures were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 patients each. Group D received dexmedetomidine and Group F received Fentanyl. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were recorded preoperatively (baseline), at 5 and 8 minutes after infusion of study drug, before induction, 1 minute after induction, 2 minute after intubation, 5 minute after intubation, 10 minute after intubation  and 15 minute after intubation.Results: There was a better control of Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure   and mean arterial pressure in Group D when compared to Group F during laryngoscopy and after intubation.Conclusions: The present study shows that dexmedetomidine suppresses hemodynamic responses effectively than fentanyl.

Estimation of stature is one of the basic parameters to identify an individual. When intact bodies are to be examined, stature estimation does not pose any problem. But when dismembered human parts are the materials to work with, it is of great challenge. Also, when dealing with human remains, estimating living stature can help to identify an unknown individual because there is a close relationship between the body part dimensions and height.Aim: As the Kashmir region is known to be prone to disasters like terror attacks and natural calamities, the lack of anthropometric data concerning the local population of the state was felt. This study intends to fill this lacuna and derive regression formulae from the anthropometric data taken. Material and Methods:The present study was conducted on a sample of 200 Kashmiri medical students (100 males and 100 females) within the age group of 18-25 years, studying in Government Medical College, Jammu. Only those students were taken who have no obvious deformity that can affect the measurements. Results:It was observed that in males the length parameters show greater correlation than the breadth parameters and the highest correlation is shown by the Right Hand Length (0.626) in males and Left Hand Length (0.695) in females and lowest correlation is shown by Left Hand Breadth (0.046) in males and Right Hand Breadth (0.386) in females. Linear regression equations were also derived from each parameter studied to determine stature from them separately. Conclusion:It is concluded that dimensions of hand provides good reliability in estimation of stature. The highest correlation coefficient between stature and right hand length in males and left hand length in case of females, with lowest standard error of estimate, indicates that comparatively hand length provides highest reliability and accuracy in estimating stature in both males and females. By deriving the population specific linear regression equations, we can determine the height of a person reliably from the dimensions of hand, provided that the person belongs to the Kashmir region of J&K state.

Double J stent or DJ stent, is a self-retaining ureteral stent mainly used to provide effective drainage of kidney into urinary baldder. However, because of widespread use, lack of patient education or due to lack of adherence to regular follow up,patients may end up with a forgotten DJ stent which can stay undiagnosed in the pelvi-ureteral system for years and cause a lot of complications before coming to attention. We present a unique case of repetitively neglected (forgotten) DJ stent in a 28-year-old male, who had the stent placed 11 years back as a part of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and now presentedwith encrusted DJ stent with large bladder calculus and calculus deposits along entire length of the stent. To our knowledge, this study reports the forgotten stent with the maximum stone burden available in literature.

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