Flephedrone (4-fluoromethcathinone, 4-FMC) was analysed using (1)H, (13)C, (15)N HMBC, and (19)F observe spectroscopy, gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection (GC-FID), and electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Analysis of four 4-FMC samples (from a Bristol nightclub in 2013) showed that they all contained benzocaine as the cutting agent present in different amounts from 5 to 12%. Using these methods, we successfully differentiated between flephedrone regioisomers and mephedrone in an analytical method validated for flephedrone as a substituted cathinone. The data show that these now illegal cathinone-derived stimulants (highs) are now being cut; users cannot be certain of the purity of the drug they are taking. Furthermore, there are risks from the pharmaceutically active cutting agents themselves.
Numerous studies based on mathematical models and tools indicate that there is a strong inherent relationship between the chemical properties of the chemical compounds and drugs with their molecular structures. In the last two decades, the graph-theoretic techniques are frequently used to analyse the various physicochemical and structural properties of the molecular graphs which play a vital role in chemical engineering and pharmaceutical industry. In this paper, we compute Zagreb indices of the generalized sum graphs in the form of the different indices of their factor graphs, where generalized sum graphs are obtained under the operations of subdivision and strong product of graphs. Moreover, the obtained results are illustrated with the help of particular classes of graphs and analysed to find the efficient subclass with dominant indices.
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