No abstract

Newly synthesised benzimidazole/benzotiazole derivatives bearing amidino, namely 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-1-ium chloride, substituents have been evaluated for their potential antitumor activity in vitro. Compounds and standard drugs (doxorubicin, staurosporine and vandetanib) were tested on three human lung cancer cell lines A549, HCC827 and NCI-H358. We tested compounds in MTS citotoxicity assay and in BrdU proliferative assay performed on 2 D and 3 D assay format. Because benzmidazole scaffold is similar to natural purines, we tested the most active compounds for ability to induce cell apoptosis of A549 by binding to DNA in comparison with doxorubicin and saturosporine. Additionally, the ADME properties of the most active benzothiazole/benzimidazole and non-active compounds were determined to see if the different ADME properties are the cause of different activity in 2 D and 3 D assays, as well as to see if the tested active compounds have drug like properties and potency for further profilation. ADME characterisation included solubility, lipophilicity, permeability, metabolic stability and binding to plasma proteins. In general, the benzothiazole derivatives were more active in comparison to their benzimidazole analogues. The exception was 2-phenyl substituted benzimidazole 6a being active with very pronounced activity especially towards HCC827 cells. All active compounds have similar mode of action on A549 cell line as standard compound doxorubicin, which binds to nucleic acids with the DNA double helix. Tested active benzothiazole compounds were characterised by moderate to good solubility, good metabolic stability, low permeability and high binding to plasma proteins. One tested active benzimidazole derivative showed ADME properties, but lower lipophilicity resulted in low PPB and higher metabolic instability. In addition, no significant difference was observed in ADME profile between active and non-active compounds.

We describe the synthesis, 3D-derived quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), antiproliferative activity and DNA binding properties of a series of 2-amino, 5-amino and 2,5-diamino substituted benzimidazo[1,2-a]quinolines prepared by environmentally friendly uncatalyzed microwave assisted amination. The antiproliferative activities were assessed in vitro against colon, lung and breast carcinoma cell lines; activities ranged from submicromolar to micromolar. The strongest antiproliferative activity was demonstrated by 2-amino-substituted analogues, whereas 5-amino and or 2,5-diamino substituted derivatives resulted in much less activity. Derivatives bearing 4-methyl- or 3,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl substituents emerged as the most active. DNA binding properties and the mode of interaction of chosen substituted benzimidazo[1,2-a]quinolines prepared herein were studied using melting temperature studies, a series of spectroscopic studies (UV/Visible, fluorescence, and circular dichroism), and biochemical experiments (topoisomerase I-mediated DNA relaxation and DNase I footprinting experiments). Both compound 36 and its bis-quaternary iodide salt 37 intercalate between adjacent base pairs of the DNA helix while compound 33 presented a very weak topoisomerase I poisoning activity. A 3D-QSAR analysis was performed to identify hydrogen bonding properties, hydrophobicity, molecular flexibility and distribution of hydrophobic regions as these molecular properties had the highest impact on the antiproliferative activity against the three cell lines.

Herein we present the synthesis of versatile amidino substituted benzothiazole 3-10 and benzimidazole 12-19 derivatives substituted with the variable number of hydroxy and methoxy groups. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds were explored for their antioxidative activity in vitro by using three biological assays, namely DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. The obtained results indicated that the variable number of hydroxy groups together with the type of the amidino substituent strongly influenced the antioxidative activity and reducing power of tested compounds. The most promising antioxidative activity showed trihydroxy substituted compounds 6, 10, 15 and 19. In general, it was noticed that unsubstituted amidino group induced the more pronounced activity in comparison to derivatives bearing 2-imidazolinyl group.

No abstract

We present the synthesis of a range of benzimidazole/benzothiazole-2-carboxamides with a variable number of methoxy and hydroxy groups, substituted with nitro, amino, or amino protonated moieties, which were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity in vitro and the antioxidant capacity. Antiproliferative features were tested on three human cancer cells, while the antioxidative activity was measured using 1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Trimethoxy substituted benzimidazole-2-carboxamide 8 showed the most promising antiproliferative activity (IC50 = 0.6–2.0 µM), while trihydroxy substituted benzothiazole-2-carboxamide 29 was identified as the most promising antioxidant, being significantly more potent than the reference butylated hydroxytoluene BHT in both assays. Moreover, the latter also displays antioxidative activity in tumor cells. The measured antioxidative capacities were rationalized through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, showing that 29 owes its activity to the formation of two [O•∙∙∙H–O] hydrogen bonds in the formed radical. Systems 8 and 29 were both chosen as lead compounds for further optimization of the benzazole-2-carboxamide scaffold in order to develop more efficient antioxidants and/or systems with the antiproliferative activity.

Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and in vitro antibacterial activity of propolis from the central, continental part of Croatia were studied. Propolis hydro-ethanolic extracts (PHEE), prepared using three different methods and two solvent mixtures contained high amounts of flavonoids (20.95-28.11 % TIC), aromatic acids (8.17-15.91 % TIC) and their esters (9.27-11.91 % TIC). The PHEE obtained in this study showed high antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50 values from 9.96-19.95 µg/ml and FRAP 38.0-41.9 mM Fe 2+ /mg PHEE). Despite differences in composition, the PHEE samples exhibited significant antibacterial activities, affecting tested strains of Staphylococcus aures, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Moraxella catarrhalis. The use of different solvent ratio and extraction procedures selectively increases or decreases the content of specific propolis components in the extract which can have a beneficial effect on the application of propolis extracts.

No abstract