Summary
The pigmentation of cooked cottonseed has been shown to depend principally upon the moisture content and period of heating of the seed.
Several samples of crude hydraulic‐pressed and screw‐pressed oils produced under known processing conditions were found to differ markedly from each other with respect to their original colors and refining characteristics.
The screw‐pressed crude oils were more deeply colored and contained one principal pigment, whereas the hydraulic‐pressed oils contained two principal pigments.
The absence of significant amounts of gossypol in the crude oils has been demonstrated by means of a new technic for the quantitative isolation of gossypol.
The crude oil pigments differed from gossypol, but like gossypol, they were removed during alkali refining.
The pigmentation of the crude oils has been shown to depend principally upon the pigmentation of the original seed and the moisture content of the seed during cooking.
On the basis of their absorption spectra it has been deduced that the alkali‐refined hydraulic‐pressed oils contain two to three pigments originally present in the crude oils whereas the alkali‐refined serewpressed oils contain these same pigments as well as a large number of decomposition products of the principal crude oil pigment.
Summary
Fatty acid chlorides of octanoic, decanoic, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, elaidic, and linoleic acids were hydrolyzed at 25° C, in water and the amounts of unchanged acid chlorides determined after different periods of reaction.
Contrary to expectations, the chlorides of the longer chain fatty acids, palmitic and stearic, reacted at a more rapid rate than the chlorides of the shorter chain fatty acids. Lauryl chloride appears to be more resist‐ant to hydrolysis than either the chlorides of the lower molecular weight octanoic and decanoic acids or the chlorides of the higher molecular weight myristic to stearic acids.
The chlorides of the unsaturated acids, oleic, elaidic, and linoleic, are hydrolyzed less rapidly than stearyl chloride. However, elaidyl and myristyl chlorides exhibit the same relative rates of hydrolysis during the first two hours of reaction. Myristyl chloride hydrolyzes more rapidly than elaidyl chloride after the first two hours.
The addition of either hydrochloric acid or free fatty acids to the reaction mixture was found to have no pronounced effect on the hydrolysis of the acid chlorides.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.