Salinity affects plant growth and development as shown with the glycophyte model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). Two Arabidopsis accessions, Wassilewskija (Ws) and Columbia (Col-0), are widely used to generate mutants available from various Arabidopsis seed resources. However, these two ecotypes are known to be salt-sensitive with different degrees of tolerance. In our study, 3-week-old Col-0 and Ws plants were treated with and without 150 mM NaCl for 48, 72, or 96 h, and several physiological and biochemical traits were characterized on shoots to identify any specific traits in their tolerance to salinity. Before salt treatment was carried out, a different phenotype was observed between Col-0 and Ws, whose main inflorescence stem became elongated in contrast to Col-0, which only displayed rosette leaves. Our results showed that Col-0 and Ws were both affected by salt stress with limited growth associated with a reduction in nutrient uptake, a degradation of photosynthetic pigments, an increase in protein degradation, as well as showing changes in carbohydrate metabolism and cell wall composition. These traits were often more pronounced in Col-0 and occurred usually earlier than in Ws. Tandem Mass Tags quantitative proteomics data correlated well with the physiological and biochemical results. The Col-0 response to salt stress was specifically characterized by a greater accumulation of osmoprotectants such as anthocyanin, galactinol, and raffinose; a lower reactive oxygen detoxification capacity; and a transient reduction in galacturonic acid content. Pectin degradation was associated with an overaccumulation of the wall-associated kinase 1, WAK1, which plays a role in cell wall integrity (CWI) upon salt stress exposure. Under control conditions, Ws produced more antioxidant enzymes than Col-0. Fewer specific changes occurred in Ws in response to salt stress apart from a higher number of different fascilin-like arabinogalactan proteins and a greater abundance of expansin-like proteins, which could participate in CWI. Altogether, these data indicate that Col-0 and Ws trigger similar mechanisms to cope with salt stress, and specific changes are more likely related to the developmental stage than to their respective genetic background.
Arabidopsis has become a powerful model to study morphogenesis, plant growth, development but also plant response to environmental conditions. Over 1000 Arabidopsis genomes are available and show natural genetic variations. Among them, the main reference accessions Wassilewskija (Ws) and Columbia (Col-0), originally growing at contrasted altitudes and temperatures, are widely studied, but data contributing to their molecular phenotyping are still scarce. A global quantitative proteomics approach using isobaric stable isotope labeling (Tandem Mass Tags, TMT) was performed on Ws and Col-0. Plants have been hydroponically grown at 16 h/8 h (light/dark cycle) at 23 • C day/19 • C night for three weeks. A TMT labeling of the proteins extracted from their shoots has been performed and showed a differential pattern of protein abundance between them. These results have allowed identifying several proteins families possibly involved in the differential responses observed for Ws and Col-0 during plant development and upon environmental changes. In particular, Ws and Col-0 mainly differ in photosynthesis, cell wall-related proteins, plant defense/stress, ROS scavenging enzymes/redox homeostasis and DNA/RNA binding/transcription/translation/protein folding.
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