Background: The consequences of malaria during pregnancy are different regarding local conditions of malaria transmission. In stable malaria areas, the main complications are maternal anaemia and fetal growth restriction. This study aims to determine if pregnancy-associated malaria is associated with the risk of the above-mentioned complications and to determine if IPTp-sp reduces them in Kisangani. Methods: It is a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in parturients, in 6 medical facilities of Kisangani, from January 1st to September 30th, 2017. At delivery we measured their hemoglobin, we performed the thick blood smear of their peripheral blood and placental apposition; and we weighed their newborns at birth. Results: Risk of anaemia at delivery increased with malaria access during pregnancy (p = 0.0056; OR: 1.4221, 95% CI: 1.0851-1.8638) and peripheral parasitaemia at delivery (p = 0.0000; OR: 6.3855, 95% CI: 4.5552-8.9512). LBW increased with peripheral parasitaemia at delivery (p = 0.0000; OR: 3.5299, 95% CI: 2.4424-5.1015) and placental parasitaemia (p = 0.0000; OR: 18.3247, 95% CI: 12.5141-26.8332). IPTp-sp did not have effect on maternal hemoglobin at delivery (p = 0.1546; OR: 0.7553, IC à 95%: 0.4414-1.2923) and the birth weight (p = 0.1225; OR: 0.6638, IC à 95%: 0.3375-1.3056). Conclusion: In Kisangani, pregnancy-associated malaria is associated with maternal anaemia at delivery and LBW. IPTp-sp does not reduce the risk of these complications.

Background. Gestational malaria is a major public health problem. It produces fetal complications such as low birth weight, perinatal mortality, and congenital malaria. The present study is aimed at determining the prevalence of congenital malaria and its neonatal complications in the city of Kisangani. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Kisangani from 1 January to 30 September 2018. Our study population was composed of 1248 newborns born in our study sites, during the period of our study. Just after their birth, we performed the thick drop smear in the placental print and in umbilical blood smear. Results. The prevalence of congenital malaria was 13.98%; 69.23% of newborns who contracted congenital malaria were from 18- to 34-year-old mothers, 53.85% from primiparous mothers, 92.31% from mothers who took intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine, all (100%) from mothers using the insecticide-treated mosquito nets and 7.69% from HIV-positive mothers. Low birth weight and perinatal mortality were recorded in 76.92% and 7.69% of congenital malaria cases, respectively. Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine had no effect on congenital malaria (FE=0.5218; OR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.1651-3.8769) and on low birth weight (FE=0.3675; OR: 1.2308, 95% CI: 0.0037-0.1464); however, it seemed to have protective effect against perinatal mortality (FE=0.0001; OR: 0.0233, 95% CI: 0.0037-0.1464). Conclusion. Congenital malaria remains a major problem in stable malaria transmission area like Kisangani, and it is grafted by major perinatal complications, particularly low birth weight and perinatal mortality. We recommend an extended study to clarify the relationship between the outcome of pregnancy and the intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine.

Introduction: Gestational malaria is a major public health problem because it is a threat to pregnant women and their children. As Kisangani is a stable malaria transmission area and there is a paucity of data on the status of gestational malaria in our settings, we have found it appropriate to determine the prevalence of gestational malaria and its determinants in Kisangani City. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study in Kisangani from January 1 to September 30, 2017. Our population study consisted of 1248 parturients recruited at delivery. We made the thick drop in peripheral blood from parturients at the admission and at the level of placental impressions after delivery. Results: The average age of the respondents was 25.3971 ± 6.2452 years; the overall prevalence of gestational malaria was 27.56% including 12.66% peripheral parasitaemia, 12.34% placental parasitaemia and 2.56% parasitaemia level and placental and peripheral blood impressions. Youngest age ≤ 18 years [OR (95% CI) = 2.44 (1.75-3.41), p < 0.001], primiparity [OR (95% CI) = 2.94 (2.00-4.32), p < 0.001] and positive HIV serology [OR (95% CI) = 3.01 (1.23-7.43), p = 0.008] increased the risk of gestational malaria; the use of mosquito net impregnated with insecticide [OR (95% CI) = 0.29 (0.14-0.61), p < 0.001] reduced this risk. Conclusion: The prevalence of gestational malaria is 27.56% in Kisangani. The youngest age ≤ 18 years, the primiparity and positive HIV serology of pregnant women were the most associated risk factors.

Introduction: Antisperm antibodies (ASA) prevalence is high in Kisangani. ASA are one of the male factors of infertility that can reduce spermatozoa motility and cervical penetration or prevent acrosomal reaction and even alter embryo development. This study aims to determine the risk factors of ASA positivity among infertile men in Kisangani. Patient and Method: We conducted a case-control study during a period of 2 years in Kisangani on 111 men who consulted for conception and tested for ASA by ELISA. We did a simple pairing that concerned only the type of infertility. For a better balance between the number of cases and controls per stratum to provide better accuracy in the adjusted OR estimate, we performed a 1:1 match. Results: This study showed that businessmen [ORa = 5.0000(1.2452 − 20.0767)] and jobless [ORa = 5.8125(1.1477 − 29.4367)] were at risk of being positive for ASA. Violent blow to testicles [ORa = 6.7391(1.3455 − 33.7545)], cure of hernia [ORa = 4.3478(1.0722 − 17.6299)], Chlamydia infection [ORa = 4.7125(1.3405 − 16.5665)], leucospermia [ORa = 4.1429(1.0406 − 19.7155)]and presence of Staphylococcus aureus ] were associated to positive ASA. Conclusion: This study shows that factors that may lead to risky sexual behavior and physical or infectious trauma are important risk factors for ASA positivity. It is therefore necessary to search for them systematically during male infertility in order to guide the search for ASA.

Background : In order to reduce malaria-related morbidity and mortality during pregnancy, WHO recommends : Insecticide-treated mosquito nets, Intermittent Preventive Treatment of malaria in pregnancy, Prompt and effective case management. Nevertheless, several cases of resistance to Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine, used in intermittent preventive treatment, and to Chloroquine are reported in sub-Saharan Africa and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The prevalence of malaria among pregnant women remains high in Africa in general, and in the Democratic Republic of Congo in particular. This issue leads us to conduct this study, which aims at proposing an alternative to SP for preventing malaria in pregnant women. Materials and methods : From June 1 to October 31, 2019, we enrolled pregnant women from five health facilities in Kisangani for randomized, single-blind controlled clinical trials to compare the efficacy of two intermittent preventive treatment regimens in Kisangani pregnant women, selected before 18 th weeks of amenorrhea. The first regimen consists of 4 doses of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine starting at the selection time and spaced at least 4 weeks during pregnancy. Each dose is made of 3 tablets of 525 mg Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine. The second regimen consists of 2 doses of Mefloquine during pregnancy. The first dose is taken at the selection time and the second dose between the 28 th and 32 nd weeks of amenorrhea. Each dose is made of 3 tablets of 250 mg Mefloquine. The efficacy criteria for these two regimens are placental malaria parasitemia, low birth weight of newborn and maternal anemia at delivery. The safety criterion was the occurrence of major side effects. Discussion : There are not enough randomized clinical trials assessing the efficacy of Mefloquine for the intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in African pregnant women, hence the recommendation for clinical trials. The present study is the only one that conducts such assessment in a hyper-endemic area with resistance to Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine and Chloroquine. The findings are therefore intended to promote the use of Mefloquine as the best alternative to Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine in the intermittent preventive treatment of malaria. Clinical trial registration : PACTR201905899965726. Key words : Intermittent preventive treatment, efficacy, safety, Mefloquine, Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine, Kisangani.