Phosphorus is an essential nutrient acquired from soil as phosphate (Pi), and its deficiency severely reduces plant growth and crop yield. Here, we show that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL TRANSFER PROTEIN7 (AtPITP7) locus, which encodes a chloroplastic Sec14-like protein, are associated with genetic diversity regarding Pi uptake activity in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Inactivation of AtPITP7 and its rice (Oryza sativa) homolog (OsPITP6) through T-DNA insertion and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, respectively, decreased Pi uptake and plant growth, regardless of Pi availability. By contrast, overexpression of AtPITP7 and OsPITP6 enhanced Pi uptake and plant growth, especially under limited Pi supply. Importantly, overexpression of OsPITP6 increased tiller number and grain yield in rice. Targeted metabolome analysis of glycerolipids in leaves and chloroplasts revealed that inactivation of OsPITP6 alters phospholipid contents, independent of Pi availability, diminishing the reduction in phospholipid content and increase in glycolipid content induced by Pi deficiency; meanwhile, overexpression of OsPITP6 enhanced Pi deficiency induced metabolic alterations. Together with transcriptome analysis of ospitp6 rice plants and phenotypic analysis of grafted Arabidopsis chimeras, these results suggest that chloroplastic Sec14-like proteins play an essential role in growth modulations in response to changes in Pi availability, although their function is critical for plant growth under any Pi condition. The superior traits of OsPITP6-overexpressing rice plants also highlight the potential of OsPITP6 and its homologs in other crops as additional tools for improving Pi uptake and plant growth in low Pi environments.
Bitertanol is a widely used triazole
fungicide and consists of
four stereoisomers. A new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
method was developed for simultaneous analysis of the four stereoisomers
in apple, pear, tomato, cucumber, and soil. The mechanism of separation
was explained with molecular docking and effects of thermodynamic
parameters on the resolution. The absolute configuration and optical
rotation of four stereoisomers were confirmed by X-ray diffraction
and HPLC tandem circular dichroism, respectively. A good linearity
(R
2 ≥ 0.999) was obtained for four
stereoisomers in all matrix-matched calibration curves in the range
of 0.02–10 mg/L. The mean recoveries of four stereoisomers
in five matrices ranged from 74.6% to 101.0% with an intraday and
interday relative standard deviation from 0.6% to 9.9%. Stereoselective
degradation of bitertanol in cucumber was observed: (1R,2S)-bitertanol and (1R,2R)-bitertanol were preferentially degraded with enantiomeric
fraction values from 0.5 to 0.43 at 7 d and 0.42 at 5 d, respectively.
This research provides a useful tool for the analysis of bitertanol
stereoisomers.
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