Seed inoculation increased root and shoot dry mass. Nitrogen fertilization altered nutrient concentrations in shoot dry mass. Nitrogen fertilization increased tiller numbers.
The low availability of phosphorus in most Brazilian soils causes a heavy dependence of agricultural production on phosphate fertilizers, which are generally agronomically inefficient in tropical soils. Breeding for increased longevity of sugarcane ratoons is extremely important, but understanding how the efficiency of phosphate fertilization can be improved is equally necessary. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of phosphate fertilizers with and without polymer coating on the productivity and nutritional status of sugarcane ratoons and phosphorus availability in the soil. The experiment was carried out on a commercial sugarcane field on a dystrophic Ultisol over two growing seasons in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Two phosphorus sources (monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and MAP + Policote) were tested at four rates (20, 40, 60 and 80 kg P2O5 ha−1) in addition to the control (no P fertilization). The Policote-coated phosphate fertilizer induced higher stalk and TRS yields in the first experimental year, while the same effect was not observed in the second year. Nevertheless, with the reapplication of the treatments in the second study year, the mean stalk yield was high in response to the application of 20 kg P2O5 ha−1 of coated fertilizer and very different from that of the higher rates of the same fertilizer, which yielded 88 Mg ha−1, i.e., 8 Mg ha−1 more than the mean of the other rates.
Sulfur deficiency in soils has become a worldwide concern for agricultural production. This study aimed to evaluate the concequence of variable sulfur source and dosing on the nutritional status and production of Piatã forage in a dystrophic Ultisol. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design with four replications. The 4 x 5 factorial treatments consisted of four sulfur sources (elemental sulfur pastilles [ESPA], gypsum [GY], gypsite [GI], and elemental sulfur powder [ESPO]) and five sulfur doses (0, 50, 100, 150. and 200 mg kg-1). The sulfur applications resulted in similar maximum shoot dry mass (SDM) production (16.66 to 17.69 g pot-1) with all sources. However, Piatã grass achieved maximum production in the treatments with 112 mg kg-1 of GI, 118 mg kg-1 of GY and ESPA, and 146 mg kg-1 of ESPO. The number of tillers, the leaf:stem ratio, and SPAD increased with increasing sulfur dose. The greatest increments of root dry mass (RDM) and of the tiller number were obtained with the ESPO source. Macronutrient concentrations in shoot dry mass tissue were in the order K > N > Ca > P > S > Mg. Low sulfur supply resulted in decreased Piatã grass growth with all sulfur sources tested. Differential responses were found with applications of different sulfur sources for SDM, RDM, and tillers number. The sources did not alter the leaf:stem ratio or SPAD index.
Jorge Luiz Abranches 3RESUMO A cafeicultura na região da Alta Paulista tem atravessado sérias dificuldades técnicas e econômicas e muitos chegam a abandoná-la partindo para outras atividades agropecuárias. O manejo inadequado das lavouras, a falta de recursos financeiros e variedades adaptadas e resistentes a pragas e doenças são responsáveis por este cenário. O objetivo do presente trabalho é oferecer ao produtor da região novas opções de materiais genéticos melhorados de café de porte baixo, bem com compará-los em plantios enxertado e sem enxerto buscando a sustentabilidade produtiva. Instalou-se no município de Adamantina/SP dois experimentos com diversos materiais genéticos de café enxertados e não enxertados sendo conduzidos durante as safras de 2013 e 2014 no qual foram obtidos os dados de produtividade. Para o experimento de cafés enxertados, observou-se uma maior uniformidade produtiva dentre os materiais genéticos, sobretudo para a safra 2013; a safra 2014 apresentou maior variabilidade produtiva dentre os materiais testados nos 2 experimentos; para a situação enxertada, o material genético de café "Catuaí SH3 Faz. São José" foi o mais produtivo para as médias dos anos de 2013 e 2014; para a situação "pé franco" os materiais de café "Catuaí A IAC 62", "Catuaí V. IAC 99", "Catuaí A IAC 32", "Catuaí A IAC 86", "Ouro A IAC 4397" não demonstraram um bom desenvolvimento vegetativo, tampouco produtivo, não sendo indicados para a região Alta Paulista para sistema de plantio "pé franco". Palavras-chave: Cafeicultura. Melhoramento genético. CafeeirosEnxertados. COFFEE VARIETIES GRAFTED AND NOT GRAFTED
Adequate pasture management is important to ensure animal production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect on shoot dry weight yield (SDWY) and mineral composition in degraded pasture (Urochloa decumbens) recovery in a Typic Oxisol with introduction of Stylosanthes and phosphorus (P) fertilization. The experiment was set up as completely randomized block design in a split-plot arrangement with four replicates. The plots were seven management system: T1 - Control Urochloa decumbens without Stylosanthes; T2 - U. decumbens + Stylosanthes with no-till; T3 - U. decumbens with partial desiccation + Stylosanthes; T4 - U. decumbens with total desiccation + Stylosanthes; T5 - U. decumbens + Stylosanthes with soil scarification; T6 - U. decumbens + Stylosanthes with plowing; T7 - U. decumbens + Stylosanthes with plowing + harrowing and the subplots was the P fertilization (presence and absence). P fertilization (60 kg ha-1 of P2O5) increased the P concentration and SDWY of U. decumbens, while the introduction of Stylosanthes in the different management systems used did not change the forage yield.
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