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ResumoO presente estudo teve o objetivo de caracterizar a ocorrência de bromélias epifíticas em quatro estádios sucessionais (capoeirinha, capoeira, capoeirão e floresta secundária) da Floresta Ombrófila Densa em encostas da Ilha de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brasil. As bromélias foram classificadas em grupos de ocorrência ampla e restrita de acordo com a amplitude de sua distribuição. Os forófitos foram selecionados através do método de pontos quadrantes, e suas características foram analisadas em associação com o número de espécies de bromélias, através da análise multivariada. Foram registradas cinco espécies de bromélias na capoeira, oito no capoeirão e onze na floresta secundária. A similaridade foi maior entre o capoeirão e a floresta secundária, com trocas e substituições de espécies e gêneros nos sucessivos estádios de regeneração da floresta. As bromélias apresentaram correlações diretas com a altura total dos forófitos, indicando que o tempo é um fator importante na colonização de bromélias epifíticas. Palavras-chave: Bromélias epifíticas; Floresta Ombrófila Densa; forófitos; sucessão. Abstract Relationship of epiphytic bromeliads with phorophytes at different stages of secondary succession ofAtlantic Rainforest. The present study was carried out aiming to characterize the occurrence of epiphytic bromeliads at four sucessional stages (capoeirinha, capoeira, capoeirão and secondary forest) of Atlantic Rainforest slopes, in Santa Catarina Island, Santa Catarina, Brasil. The bromeliads were classified in groups of restricted and wide occurrence based on the extent of distribution. The phorophytes were selected by the point -quadrant method and their attributes analyzed as variables in association with bromeliads species number through multivariate analyses. Five bromeliad species were found in capoeira, eight in capoeirão and eleven in secondary forest. The floristic similarity was higher between capoeirão and secondary forest, with species and genera changes and substitutions in the successive stages of forest regeneration. The bromeliads presented direct correlations with phorophytes total height, indicating that the time is a important factor in epiphytic bromeliads colonization.

RESUMO -(Ocorrência de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em solos de estádios iniciais de uma sucessão secundária da Floresta Atlântica no Sul do Brasil). A diversidade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) e o potencial de inóculo micorrízico foram determinados em estádios de sucessão secundária da Floresta Atlântica. Dentro de cada estádio -pioneiro, capoeirinha e capoeirão -quatro transectos foram estabelecidos e três amostras de solo foram obtidas por transecto. A comunidade vegetal foi dominada por Pteridium aquilinium no estádio pioneiro e Dodonaea viscosa e P. aquilinium foram co-dominantes na capoeirinha. No capoeirão, Miconia cinnamomifolia foi dominante seguida por Euterpe edulis. O número total de esporos foi significativamente maior na capoeirinha do que nos outros estádios, embora o número de esporos viáveis permaneceu constante entre os estádios sucessionais. Acaulosporaceae e Glomeraceae foram as famílias predominantes e perfizeram 83% do total de esporos recuperados. Dos 18 morfotipos de esporos recuperados, 10 foram alocados para espécies conhecidas, com uma espécie de Acaulospora sp. e uma de Glomus sp. sendo os esporuladores predominantes e presentes em todas as amostras. O indíce de diversidade de Simpson e a eqüitabilidade para as espécies de FMAs não diferiram significativamente entre os estádios sucessionais e a riqueza específica de FMAs foi negativamente correlacionada com a riqueza específica vegetal. O solo da Capoeirinha apresentou o maior potencial de inóculo (37%). A dominância da comunidade micorrízica por poucos esporuladores e a relação entre diversidade fúngica e vegetal são discutidos.Palavras-chave: Glomerales, fungos micorrízicos arbusculares, Floresta Atlântica, sucessão vegetal secundária, diversidade de espécies ABSTRACT -(Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils of early stages of a secondary succession of Atlantic Forest in South Brazil). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species diversity and mycorrhizal inoculum potential were assessed in areas representative of stages of secondary succession in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. Within each stage -pioneer, 'capoeirinha' and 'capoeirão'-four transects were established and three soil samples were taken along each transect. The plant community was dominated by Pteridium aquilinium in the pioneer stage, while Dodonaea viscosa and P. aquilinium were co-dominants in the 'capoeirinha' stage. In capoeirão, Miconia cinnamomifolia was dominant followed by Euterpe edulis. Total spore number per 100 g soil was significantly larger in the 'capoeirinha' stage than in the other stages, although the number of viable spores was similar among stages. Acaulosporaceae and Glomeraceae were the predominant families accounting for 83% of the total spores recovered. Of the 18 spore morphotypes, 10 were allocated to known species, with Acaulospora sp. and Glomus sp. being the dominants recovered in all samples. Simpson's index of diversity and evenness for AMF species were not significantly different among the successional st...

Formulating effective national forest policy in lesser developed countries is complex and needs to take into account the social as well as the biophysical dimensions which impact on forest resources. Deforestation continues to be a serious concern in many of these countries and most national forest policy seeks to curb the devastationof forest resources. Due to different social groups competing for use of the forest resources, however, designing effective policy is challenging. The needs of these different social groups must be considered.Unless this is done, the forest policy itself can be an impetus for deforestation.In the southern Brazilian state of Santa Catarina, deforestation in the Atlantic forest (Mata Atlantica) is occurring at a rapid rate, threatening the richness of biodiversity. There are a number of causes for deforestation in Santa Catarina, one being Brazil's national Atlantic forest policy. Unintentionally, the structure of this conservation-focusedpolicy has declared all of Santa Catarina's native forests off-limits to any type of exploitation, the only state in Brazil where this has occurred, and has actually precipitated deforestation. Challenges for state-level planning include addressing the national forest policy as well as the state-levelimpacts resulting from the policy. The history of the policy, the social groups affected and challenges for planning are discussed, as are proposed solutions.

Araceae is well represented in Brazil but there are few studies on spatial distribution of species on phorophytes. Aiming to analyze vegetation variations, four different areas of submontane rainforest were studied: bottom of valley (BV); middle slope (MS); mountaintop (M); and rocky mountaintop (RM) in Santa Catarina Island, southern Brazil. To study the aroids, the quadrant points method with 60 phorophyte sampled by area was used. Each phorophyte was divided in 2-m-height intervals to obtain the vertical distribution. Eight species of aroids belonging to four genera were recorded, among which Anthurium Schott and Philodendron Schott were the most representative. Species richness, Shannon diversity, and evenness index were the highest in MS and the lowest in RM. The most similar areas were MS and M (J = 0.88). Most species of aroids showed low horizontal and vertical frequency; however, the aroids were present in 35.4 % of the phorophytes surveyed; 60 % of families and 50 % of phorophyte species sampled; and 8.9 % of the height intervals sampled. The occurrence of the species in the strata close to the ground and intermediates may be related to the prevalence of nomadic vine species. Species of aroids showed no specificity for host tree.

ResumoO presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre as bromélias epifíticas e a vegetação arbustiva e arbórea registrada em diferentes estádios sucessionais da Floresta Ombrófila Densa, com o intuito de detectar forófitos potenciais à colonização por bromélias. Os forófitos foram selecionados por meio do método de quadrantes centrados, e verificada a relação entre as suas características morfológicas com a ocorrência de bromélias, por meio da análise de Correlação de Spearman e teste de qui-quadrado. Foram registradas 27 espécies bromélias epifíticas pertencentes a oito gêneros, e 85 espécies forofíticas. O diâmetro foi a variável que apresentou maior influência na riqueza das bromélias. Forófitos com cascas persistentes e com textura rugosa apresentaram maior frequência de bromélias. Palavras-chaves: árvore hospedeira, bromeliaceae, epífitas, Floresta Ombrófila Densa. AbstractThe main objective of this study was to identify the relationship between epiphytic bromeliad species and their associated native forest vegetation (trees and shrubs) at different successional stages in the southern coastal Atlantic Rainforest. This study also characterized potential colonization of phorophytes in identified epiphytic bromeliads species. The phorophytes were selected by the phytosociological sampling point-centered quarter method. The relationship between the phorophytes morphological characteristics and epiphytic bromeliads species occurrence was analyzed using a Spearman Correlation and chi-square tests. Twenty-seven epiphytic bromeliads species representing eight genera were found on eighty-five phorophytes. The variable phorophyte diameter presented the greatest influence on the abundance of epiphytic bromeliads species found. Phorophytes with a persistent bark and rough texture showed higher frequency of bromeliads.

-(Vertical stratification of epiphytic bromeliads on different stages of secondary succession of Atlantic Rainforest, in Santa Catarina Island, Santa Catarina, Brazil). The present study aims to characterize the distribution of bromeliads height preference at four sucessional stages ("capoeirinha", "capoeira", "capoeirão" and secondary forest) on Atlantic Rainforest slopes, in Santa Catarina Island, relating them to forest development, individual and phorophytes characteristics. Importance values were calculated for each bromeliad, and their dispersal agent types and nutrient capture strategy were determined. Each of the 60 phorophytes selected through the point-centered quart method in each of the secondary succession stages was considered a sampling unit and divided in two-meter height intervals, starting from the soil. The species of Tillandsia with CAM activity presented the highest importance values in the two most developed succession stages, where bromeliads were recorded. In all stages of succession was detected, in the vertical stratification, a tendency of greater richness and frequency of bromeliads in heights next to morphological inversion point average, related to availability of larger surface area to colonization and growth. At capoeirão and secondary forest, juvenile bromeliads grew in all phorophytes height intervals, showing different mortality rates when adults and juveniles distribution were considered. The microclimatic changes in the progressive sucessional stages cause displacement and change of bromeliads species, with increase of individuals and tank-forming species.Key words -bromeliads, morphological inversion point, sucessional stages, vertical stratification RESUMO -(Estratificação vertical de bromélias epifíticas em diferentes estádios sucessionais da Floresta Ombrófila Densa, Ilha de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brasil). O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar as alturas preferenciais de distribuição das bromélias em quatro estádios sucessionais (capoeirinha, capoeira, capoeirão e floresta secundária) em encostas da Ilha de Santa Catarina, relacionando-as com o desenvolvimento da floresta, com características individuais e dos forófitos. Foram calculados valores de importância das bromélias em cada estádio, relacionando-os aos tipos de diásporos e estratégias para obtenção de nutrientes. Cada um dos 60 forófitos determinados por estádio sucessional através de pontos quadrantes foi considerado uma unidade amostral e dividido em intervalos de altura de dois metros a partir do solo. As espécies do gênero Tillandsia com metabolismo CAM apresentaram os maiores valores de importância nos dois estádios mais avançados, onde houve ocorrência de bromélias. Em todos os estádios, na estratificação vertical, foi detectada uma tendência de maior riqueza e maior freqüência de bromélias em alturas próximas às médias dos pontos de inversão morfológica relacionado ao aumento de substrato disponível para fixação e crescimento. No capoeirão e na floresta secundária as plântulas ...