ferred to open, wild areas (usually with a high proportion of tree cover), while 'park' meant enclosed (emparked) areas, set aside to protect deer, eventually becoming the kind of landscape parks around country houses and later, city parks. These terms do, of course, change over time and tend to be somewhat fluid. It is also important that the terms reflect the widest possible application across Europe. For the purpose of clarification and structure, the following definitions are used for the rest of this chapter. Urban woodland means a forested ecosystem of natural, semi-natural or man-made origin, used for a variety of purposes including recreation, nature protection and, in exceptional circumstances, wood production. It is mainly tree covered, although other elements such as water, wet areas, paths and open spaces of different sizes are often to be found. Woodlands may tend to be more multipurpose than parks and their design may need to accommodate more uses, some of which may conflict while others are complementary (Fig. 6.1).
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