Б а с р е д а к т о р ы х. ғ. д., проф., ҚР ҰҒА академигі М. Ж. Жұрынов Р е д а к ц и я а л қ а с ы:Р.Ш. проф. (Ресей) Абишев М.Е. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Аврамов К.В. проф. (Украина) Аппель Юрген проф. (Германия) Баймуқанов Д.А. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Байтулин И.О. проф., академик (Қазақстан) Банас Иозеф проф. (Польша) Берсимбаев Р.И. проф., академик (Қазақстан) Велесько С. проф. (Германия) Велихов Е.П. проф., РҒА академигі (Ресей) Гашимзаде Ф. проф., академик (Əзірбайжан) Гончарук В.В. проф., академик (Украина) Давлетов А.Е. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Джрбашян Р.Т. проф., академик (Армения) Қалимолдаев М.Н. проф., академик (Қазақстан), бас ред. орынбасары Лаверов Н.П. проф., академик РАН (Россия) Лупашку Ф. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Молдова) Мохд Хасан Селамат проф. (Малайзия) Мырхалықов Ж.У. проф., академик (Қазақстан) Новак Изабелла проф. (Польша) Огарь Н.П. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Полещук О.Х. проф. (Ресей) Поняев А.И. проф. (Ресей) Сагиян А.С. проф., академик (Армения) Сатубалдин С.С. проф., академик (Қазақстан) Таткеева Г.Г. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Умбетаев И. проф., академик (Қазақстан) Хрипунов Г.С. проф. (Украина) Юлдашбаев Ю.А. проф., РҒА корр-мүшесі (Ресей) Якубова М.М. проф., академик (Тəжікстан) «Қазақстан Республикасы Ұлттық ғылым академиясының Хабаршысы».
Little information is currently available about the content of different elements in wheat samples from the Republic of Kazakhstan. The concentrations of toxic (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, and U) and essential (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se, and Zn) elements in 117 sampled wheat grains from the Republic of Kazakhstan were measured. The results indicated that the mean and maximum concentrations of most investigated elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Se, Pb, and U) were higher in samples collected from southern Kazakhstan. The mean and maximum concentrations of toxic elements such as As, Cd, Hg, and Pb did not exceed levels specified by European, FAO, or Kazakh legislation, although the hazard quotient (HQ) values for Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn were higher than 1 and the hazard index (HI) was higher than 1 for samples collected from all areas of Kazakhstan. This indicates that there should be concern about the potential hazards of the combination of toxic elements in Kazakh wheat.
The Agricultural Experimental Station «Zarechnoye» LLP (AES «Zarechnoye» LLP, Kostanay region, Kazakhstan) has always been the initiator of introduction and dissemination of advanced innovative technologies; in this regard, the agriculture has been identified as the basis for the introduction of digitalization elements, i.e. precision agriculture. The use of elements of the precision agriculture system by the AES «Zarechnoye» LLP, the use of modern technology equipped with an automatic driving system, a differential fertilizer application system and plant protection products ensured a guaranteed yield with high technological indicators in an extremely arid year. The obtained yield level of grain crops exceeded the average regional level by 79.7%. An economic model for the introduction of precision agriculture elements for the farm «Agrofirma Karkyn» LLP with medium technical equipment, indicating the costs of applying the developed technologies per 1 ha, was built. The analysis of economic return was carried out as a result of increased productivity with indicating the payback period. The production and economic indicators of the surveyed farm in the Kostanay region, obtained as a result of constructing financial and economic models taking into account the introduction of precision agriculture elements, are presented. Based on the constructed financial and economic models, the calculations showed that the introduction of precision agriculture elements will reduce production costs for wheat growing to 1.6 thousand tenge per 1 ha of cultivated area, or 4% of all production costs. The payback period for simulated improvements in the implementation of precision agriculture elements for the farm, while maintaining the current processing area, will be 4.4 years. The data obtained during the study can be used by agricultural producers to develop measures to increase productivity and reduce the cost of production, as well as by government agencies to improve measures of state support and regulation in the field of agriculture, aimed at digitalization, the introduction of precision agriculture elements and increasing the competitiveness of agricultural production.* This article has been prepared based on the results of the research conducted as part of the scientific and technical programme No. BR06349568 «Transfer and adaptation of precision agriculture technologies for crop production on the principle of «demonstration farms (testing areas)» in the Kostanay region», funded by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2018-2020.
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