The present work aims at studying the alterations in blood viscoelasticity and hematological parameters as a result of the exposure to an electric field (50 Hz-4 kV/m-8h/d), a magnetic field (50 Hz -0.3 mT-8h/d) and high energy photon (6 MeV; 0.002A o -1 rad). The blood tissue was chosen as biomarker for the direct and delay exposure evaluations, whereas its viscosity coefficient as function of the shear rate was monitored and its mechanical characteristics as function of osmotic pressure was measured. In addition, the hematological parameters were observed for all collected blood samples and correlated to the blood viscoelasticity. The obtained results showed remarkable effects on the studied blood parameters even at short exposure periods and /or after delayed exposure effects. From the present results it may be concluded that the exposure to electric and magnetic fields at extremely low frequency range has hazardous effect not less than the ionizing radiation at very low dose. Our findings indicated that maximum deteriorative effects resulted due to exposure to magnetic field (30 days) whereas the blood viscosity coefficient, RBCs elastic limit, and hemoglobin were decreased relative to the control by -38%, -30% and -25% respectively. Moreover, the changes in blood viscoelasticity and hematological parameters, as a result of the exposure even after 45 days' post exposure support the hazardous effects of such fields. The need for new recommendations for exposure to such fields and frequent blood checkup should be done from time to another especially for residents who are exposed for long times.
Effect of 0.3 mT-50Hz magnetic field exposure on rats' liver dielectric relaxation was studied. Animals were exposed, similar to occupational workers, to 8h/day for periods from 1 to 4 weeks. The exposure effects were monitored relative to the effect of exposure to high energy 6MeV standard dose of 1 rad. Dielectric relaxations in frequency, up to 8MHz, were carried out immediately for all animals from each group to examine bioelectrical changes in liver relative permittivity, conductivity, and dielectric loss. The results indicated a significant difference in the dielectric characteristics due to the counter-ion diffusion at frequencies up to 1MHz, whereas increasing the frequency results in an unremarkable shift. The data revealed that the relative fraction of damage (RFD)is remarkable damage due to magnetic fields in a manner that it should not be less important than high energy photons. Significantly, animals of 1 week magnetic field exposure showed a maximum damage effect by 15%, 26% and 5% damage in relative permittivity, conductivity and dielectric loss respectively more than 6MeV photons exposure. To further characterize damages and speculating possible effects in liver tissue, the enzymatic levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminases (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminases (SGPT), total protein (TP) content, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were monitored. In the same trend, the enzymatic levels recorded an abnormal increase attributed to the hepatic structural changes and tissue injury. In comparison to the unexposed group, the samples from 1-week magnetic field exposure confirmed liver bioimpedance results and indicated a significant increase in the enzymatic levels by 20.6%, 17.1%, 3.32% and 13.1% for SGOT, SGPT, TP and MDA respectively. The former results may reflect the animal body self-adaptation as exposure period increased. It is worthy to mention that this work is an important one that correlates between the effects of both extremely low frequency fields and ionizing radiation.
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