The field of regenerative medicine is growing up rapidly in the last decades, the usage of cellular therapy such as stem cells start to grasp attention in many experimental and even clinical trial.In this article, we mainly concentrate on the potentiality of the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) to differentiate into hepatocyte like cells, which can overcome the problem of donor's shortage. MSC have been use lately in many in vitro and in vivo experiments, and have showed great capacity of multilinage differentiation, interestingly they have the capacity to differentiate into hepatocyte like cells. Currently many clinical trials started to involve the usage of self-MSC as a novel therapy for hepatic complication such as fibrosis or cirrhosis, which showed promising results in treatment of hepatic patients. MSC can be injected in hepatic patient to replace the cirrhotic liver, which gives a real hope for the hepatic patients as a reliable source for regeneration.
C HITOSAN/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) nanocomposites have been widely fabricated for potential use in bone defects due to their high biocompatibility and similarity to the natural bone. In the current study, HA nanocrystals were prepared by co-precipitation method in CS which was initially dissolved in different concentrations of acrylic acid and acetic acid (2 and 4 %). The effect of chitosan solvents on the morphology of HA nanocrystals, the crystallite sizes, and the physical binding with CS were investigated by different techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The FT-IR and XPS results showed that the interaction between CS and HA in the nanocomposites is predominantly dependent on the type of solvent used to dissolve CS. When acetic acid was used, the interaction between CS and HA was stronger when compared to acrylic acid. Quantitative XPS results showed that the atomic percentage of nitrogen (N1s) of the amine groups of CS was less in the case of the composites prepared after dissolving CS in acrylic acid compared to acetic acid. The amine groups of CS (−NH 2 ) can start the nucleation of HA crystals and remain bounded to the surface of the grown crystal through chelation with calcium ions on the crystal facets. In both organic solvents, HA crystals were found to grow along their c-axis direction into rodshape but the growth in the width was more restricted in case of acetic acid. The results in the current study indicated that the type of CS solvents is determining the strength of the physical interaction between the CS and HA. This might be a crucial factor to control and enhance the mechanical and the biological behaviors of the nanocomposites.
Background:Nanotechnology has been rapidly used in diverse consumer products in both medical and industrial fields; which has raised various concerns. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterials due to their excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. However the studies on their cyto-and geno-toxic effects are scarce. The present study aim to evaluate the DNA damaging effects of AgNPs and estimate the release of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) on HBF-4 normal human melanocyte cells. Methods: The study was conducted on HBF-4 cells, they will be treated with AgNPs at different levels (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/mL), LC50 was determined.Cells were then divided into two groups: the first was treated with the LC50 dose and the second was treated with 0.1 LC50 dose. DNA fragmentation assay using diphenylamine (DPA) technique and Intracellular ROS assay were measured and compared to control group.Results: Significant increases in DNA damage and release of intracellular ROS were observed on treated HBF-4 cells with LC50 and its 1/10 LC50 value in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: silver nanoparticles can induce oxidative stress and DNA damage in normal human melanocyte cells with a potential carcinogenic effect to be considered. Further investigations form their genetic alterations mechanisms are required.
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