Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an alarmingly rising disorder characterized mainly by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Due to the impairment of glucose homeostasis, most subjects present with elevated serum glucose levels, which can lead to several complications, including hospitalizations and even death. Diet quality and quantity are at the heart of its pathogenesis; hence, for the management of this condition, a technique known as intermittent fasting (IF) has been an area of interest for researchers. Different fasting regimens, including alternate-day fasting, religious fasting, and time-restricted fasting, have proven to be of strategic importance for glycemic control due to their physiologic effects. According to case studies and randomized trials, therapeutic fasting has been shown to reverse insulin resistance, resulting in the discontinuance of insulin therapy while maintaining blood sugar levels. Studies on IF have demonstrated their efficacy in glycemic control and other metabolic parameters, including reducing visceral fat and controlling inflammatory mediators and markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), but control in obesity is its most significant effect as it acts as a risk factor for T2DM. Several case studies have shown a reduction in elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in subjects after fasting, which some believe is due to sirtuin-6 (SIRT6) proteins. SIRT6 proteins are believed to be responsible for blood glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance reversal by increasing its sensitivity. This family of proteins is increased after fasting; hence, further research in this area will help researchers better understand its mechanism of action and potential therapeutic effects on T2DM. With an alarming increase in the incidence of T2DM around the world, a cost-effective strategy is required to control the disease with easy patient compliance, and IF might prove to be the solution.
The most effective systemic therapy for acne is Isotretinoin. However, Isotretinoin has many side effects, including known side effects like dryness, palmoplantar exfoliation, rash, teratogenicity, raised intraocular pressure, and deranged liver functions and lipid profile. Its lesser-known side effects include its effects on platelet count and mean platelet volume (M.P.V.). This Quasi-experimental case series was conducted to observe the change in platelet count and mean platelet volume in patients taking Isotretinoin for acne vulgaris, attending the dermatology outpatient department at Jinnah Hospital Lahore from May 10th 2016 to November 9th 2016. After ethical committee approval and informed consent, subjects of acne vulgaris with an indication for Isotretinoin were included in the study from O.P.D. Relevant demographic and clinical details were recorded in a standardized predesigned proforma. Citrated blood samples were taken under aseptic conditions. Baseline platelet counts and mean platelet volume were determined using an auto-analyzer in the pathology laboratory of Jinnah hospital Lahore. All the patients were advised to take daily Isotretinoin at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg for 12 weeks. Platelet counts and mean platelet volume were again measured after twelve weeks after the start of treatment. A total of 100 patients completed the study. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 60 years with a mean + sd age of 27.26+5.88 years. Out of these 41%(n=41) were male and 59%(n=59) were females. The severity of acne was measured using Global Acne Grading System (G.A.G.S.). It was recorded that 62%(n=62) had moderate, 22%(n=22) had severe while 16%(n=16) had very severe acne vulgaris. The mean pre-treatment platelet count was 271273+9139 c/µL, while 259192+11717 c/µL was post-treatment. The mean difference was 12080+8140 c/µL, and the p-value was 0.001. The mean platelet volume was 10.63+1.01 fl as pre-treatment and 9.77+1.01 fl as post-treatment. The mean difference was 0.85+0.04 fl, and the p value was 0.001. We concluded that Isotretinoin decreases platelet count and means platelet volume in patients receiving isotretinoin treatment for acne vulgaris.
Background: Hepatitis is a major health issue. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of medical students regarding hepatitis B and C. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from March, 2018 to May, 2018. 310 medical students from Allama Iqbal Medical College participated. KAP towards Hepatitis B and C was assessed by using a pre-validated questionnaire. Association of gender and year of study was established with KAP of respondents. Also, associations of knowledge with attitude and practices were also established using Chi-square test taking ≤0.05 as standard p-value. SPSS version 21.0 was used. Results: 269 (86.77%) out of 310 distributed questionnaires were received. 116 (43.1%) respondents fell in age group 16-20, 150 (55.8%) in 21-25 years while 3 respondents (1.1%) were 25 year and above. 146 (54.3%) respondents were females and 123 (45.7) respondents were male. There were 54 (20.1%) respondents from first year, 59 (21.9%) respondents from second year, 53 (19.7%) respondents from third year, 55 (20.4%) respondents from fourth year and 48 (17.8%) respondents from final year. 132 (90.4%) female respondents and 98 (79.7%) male respondents had good knowledge regarding hepatitis B and C. No significant relationship was established between gender of respondents with their attitude and practices. As for relationship of knowledge of respondents with their attitude and practices, no significant association could be established. Conclusion: Overall, the medical students have adequate knowledge, sensible attitude but unsatisfactory practices in regards to Hepatitis B and C.
Background: Hepatitis is a major health issue. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of medical students regarding hepatitis B and C. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from March, 2018 to May, 2018. 310 medical students from Allama Iqbal Medical College participated. KAP towards Hepatitis B and C was assessed by using a pre-validated questionnaire. Association of gender and year of study was established with KAP of respondents. Also, associations of knowledge with attitude and practices were also established using Chi-square test taking ≤0.05 as standard p-value. SPSS version 21.0 was used. Results: 269 (86.77%) out of 310 distributed questionnaires were received. 116 (43.1%) respondents fell in age group 16-20, 150 (55.8%) in 21-25 years while 3 respondents (1.1%) were 25 year and above. 146 (54.3%) respondents were females and 123 (45.7) respondents were male. There were 54 (20.1%) respondents from first year, 59 (21.9%) respondents from second year, 53 (19.7%) respondents from third year, 55 (20.4%) respondents from fourth year and 48 (17.8%) respondents from final year. 132 (90.4%) female respondents and 98 (79.7%) male respondents had good knowledge regarding hepatitis B and C. No significant relationship was established between gender of respondents with their attitude and practices. As for relationship of knowledge of respondents with their attitude and practices, no significant association could be established. Conclusion: Overall, the medical students have adequate knowledge, sensible attitude but unsatisfactory practices in regards to Hepatitis B and C.
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