Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical presentation of mandibular impacted teeth and associated pathologies in Unaizah, Al Qaseem; Saudi Arabia. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS), King Saud Hospital Unaizah Saudi Arabia from March 2019 and December 2020. Methodology: The record of patients attending dental section was reviewed from hospital record. Demographic data of patients were recorded through medical record Number by Medicapluse software. Orthopantamograms (OPGs) xrays were reviewed by maxillofacial surgeons on Dell LCD using software IMPEX 6.3.1.2794 enterprise unlimited Agfa. The variables like presence of impacted tooth, type of angulations, reason for extraction, caries on distal surface of 2nd molar tooth, and occlusal or mesial surface of 3rd molar were examined on OPGs. Data was analyzed using SPSS version-21. Results: Males and females were 49% and 51% respectively. The most common type of impaction was vertical 45%, followed by horizontal 27% and mesio angular 22%. The impacted tooth on right side was observed as 51% and on left side as 49%. The relationship of gender with type of impaction was statistically insignificant (p value-0.157). The relationship was reasons and type of impaction was statistically insignificant (p value-0.317) Conclusion: the both genders were almost equally affected. Vertical Impactions were more frequent and the pericoronitis was common reason for extraction of mandibular third molar. The relationship of gender and type of impaction was not significantly associated with type of impaction.
First-phase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is mechanistically linked to type 2 diabetes yet the underlying metabolism driving this early stage of secretion is difficult to discern due to significant islet-to-islet variability. Here, we miniaturize a fluorescence anisotropy immunoassay onto a microfluidic device to measure C-peptide secretion from individual islets as a surrogate for insulin (InS-chip). This method measures secretion from up to four islets at a time with ~7 s resolution while providing an optical window for real-time live cell imaging. Using the InS-chip, we reveal for the first time two glucose-dependent peaks of insulin secretion (i.e., a double peak) within the first phase (<10 min). By combining real-time secretion and live cell imaging, we show that islets transition from glycolytic to OxPhos-driven metabolism at the nadir of the peaks. Overall, these data validate the InS-chip to measure glucose-stimulated insulin secretion while revealing the first-phase secretion contains two peaks defined by a shift in glucose metabolism.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a highly prevalent autoimmune disease that affects 16 million people globally. It is caused by an inflammatory autoimmune response that results in swelling of the joints and chronic pain. While we know that RA operates via the immune system, the specific mechanisms of RA pathogenesis are not fully understood, making diagnosis and treatment options limited. Rituximab, a monoclonal CD20 antibody, is a current form of RA treatment that specifically targets autoreactive B-cells to help mitigate the symptoms of RA at the clinical stage. Gerlag et al. (2019) outline a preventative window of opportunity for preclinical RA intervention with rituximab and identified two predictive biomarkers through exploratory methods. Their findings demonstrate that early administration of rituximab during preclinical RA delays disease onset and impedes its progression. This timeframe for intervention offers a promising first step for future studies investigating RA mechanisms and early treatments.
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