The aim of this research was to investigate the role of athletes' perception of coaches' leadership behavior as predictor of athletes' assertiveness in individual sport. 239 individual sport athletes (Xage=20.79±3.32) voluntarily participated to the research. The participants consisted of 170 male (71,1%) and 69 female (28.9%) athletes from various individual sports such as wrestling, athletics, weightlifting, taekwondo, boxing, karate, badminton etc. The data were collected using a personal information form, Leadership Scale for Sport and Rathus Assertiveness Schedule. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used in SPSS 17. p<.05 was determined as the statistical significance value. Results showed that there were positive significant correlations between the subscales of Leadership Scale for Sports (Training and instruction behavior, democraticbehavior, social support behavior and positive feedback behavior) and assertiveness. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to assess the ability of leadership behaviors to predict assertiveness scores of the athletes after controlling for the influence of age and gender. The model explained an additional 21% variance in assertiveness after controlling for age and gender, R square change = .21, F change (5, 231) = 12.833, p<.05). It appeared in the final model that training and instruction behavior (β= .45, p<.05) and autocratic behavior (β= -.17, p<.05) were statistically significant. The results indicated that training and instruction behavior of sport coaches could positively contribute to assertiveness score whereas autocratic behavior seems to undermine it in individual sport athletes.
Günümüz yaşamında en fazla yaşanan sorunlardan birisi olan taraftarlık olgusu her geçen gün farklı boyutlar ve sorunlarla karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu amaçla sporun içinde bulunan ve kendini bir tarafa ait hisseden bireylerin rakiplerine olan saygı ve nefret tutumunun ortaya konmasına bu çalışmanın ana temelini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma grubunu Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesinde farklı bölümlerde eğitim gören 316 (Kadın 109-Erkek 207) öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Çalışmanın oluşturmasında toplam 24 soru maddesinden faydalanılmıştır. Elde edilen 24 maddelik sorudan daha sonra yapılan geçerlilik güvenirlik analizleri sonucunda 15 maddeye düşürülürmüştür. Faktör dağılımlarına bakıldığında ise "Rakibe Yönelik Nefret" altı madde yer almakta ve maddelerin faktör yük değerleri .462 ile .702 değişmekte ayrıca toplam varyansın % 28.68' olarak yer alırken, "Rakibe Yönelik Saygıda" ise dokuz madde yer almakta ve maddelerin faktör yük değerleri .519 ile .782 arasında değişmekte ayrıca toplam varyansın % 10.15' olduğu hesaplanmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirliğinin belirlenmesi için Cronbach's α güvenirlik katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Üniversite öğrencilerine uygulanan ölçeğin, Cronbach's α güvenirlik katsayısı .80 bulunmuştur. Bu değer ölçeğin yüksek derecede güvenilir olduğunu göstermektedir.
In recent years, the obesity affected the public health significantly in a negative way in Turkey as in the world and this situation was known to be increased steadily especially among children and adolescents. Although there were different views on what caused the obesity, irregular and / or improper diet and the lack of physical activity was defined as two basic reasons for it. In this context, in order to put into practice the effective practices related to be directed or increased participation for physical activity, understanding and determining the attitudes and behaviors of young people towards regular exercise participation was so crucial. This research had been carried out to adapt Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity Questionnaire (CBPAQ) to Turkish. 590 students (297 male/293 female), who are 13-17 years and living in Bursa, participated to the research. The sample was determined by easy sampling method. In analyzing the data, descriptive analysis, principal component factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used. According to the results, 15 items and 5-dimensional structure located in its original form was determined to be statistically verified. It could be concluded that the Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity Scale for the respective sample could be used as a reliable and valid measurement tool. ÖzetSon yıllarda Dünya genelinde olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de obezite önemli boyutlarda toplum sağlığını olumsuz yönde etkilemekte ve bu durumun özellikle çocuk ve gençler arasında giderek artış gösterdiği bilinmektedir. Obeziteye, nelerin neden olduğu konusunda farklı görüşler olmakla birlikte, en temel iki nedenin; düzensiz ve/veya yanlış beslenme ile fiziksel aktivite yetersizliği olduğu ifade edilmektedir. Bu bağlamda gençlerin fiziksel aktiviteye yönlendirilmesi ya da katılımlarının arttırılmasına ilişkin etkin uygulamaların hayata geçirilebilmesi için, öncelikle gençlerin düzenli egzersiz katılımına yönelik tutum ve davranışlarını belirlemek ve anlamak hayati bir öneme sahiptir. Açıklamalar ışığında, bu araştırma; Bilişsel Davranışçı Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeğini (Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity Questionnaire; CBPAQ) Türkçe’ ye ve Türk popülasyonuna uyarlanmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmaya Bursa ilinde öğrenim gören 13-17 yaş aralığında 590 (297 erkek ve 293 kadın) kişi katılmış ve örnek kütle kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde, betimsel analizler, temel bileşenler faktör analizi (AFA) ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) kullanılmıştır. Bulgular ışığında ölçeğin orijinal formunda yer alan 15 ifade ve 5 boyutlu yapının istatistiksel olarak doğrulandığı belirlenmiştir. Nihai olarak, Bilişsel Davranışçı Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği’nin ilgili örneklem grubu için geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
This study aims to analyze the trait anxiety levels of physical education and sports students and to compare them in terms of certain variables (gender, doing sports regularly and being a registered athlete). The research population is composed of students studying in the School of Physical Education and Sports, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University; while the sample group consists of 209 students studying in the Departments of Physical Education and Sports Teaching (n=147) and Coaching Education (n=62). "State-Trait Anxiety Inventory," which was developed by Spielberger et al. (1970) and adapted to Turkish by Oner and Le Compte (1983), and certain questions concerning demographic characteristics were used to achieve the research objectives. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for data analysis. Percentage frequency analysis was used for data analysis and t-test was used for independent groups. Significance level was set at 0.05. Considering the findings, no statistically significant difference was found between the trait anxiety levels of students in terms of their gender and status of doing sports regularly (p<0.05).
The purpose of this study is to examine whether there is any difference in the leadership and innovation approaches of the academicians who teach in different fields in terms of gender, if doing sports, title, seniority, administrative duty and marital status variables. The information form developed by the researcher in this research and the Leadership Styles and Innovation Approach inventory developed by Eysenck and Eysenck in 1975 and adapted to Turkish by Bayram in 2013 were used [3]. The sample of the study consists of 232 male and 33 female academicians from Mustafa Kemal University working in different branches of education selected by using random sampling method. Non-parametric analysis methods have been preferred because of the distributions of the obtained data. Participants' gender, marital status, regular sports activities, academic title, administrative duties and occupational seniority were found to have significant differences in terms of scale sub-dimensions in terms of all demographic values. When looking at the correlation values of the study, it is also found that there are significant relationships among the sub-dimensions.
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