Background Peripheral artery disease is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and frailty syndrome may mediate the risk of these adverse health outcomes to predict intervention results. The aim of this study was to determine the association between motor performance impairments based on in-clinic gait and balance measurements with frailty at intermediate stages (pre-frailty) in peripheral artery disease patients. Methods Seventeen participants with peripheral artery disease (≥ 55 years) were recruited and frailty assessed using Fried criteria. Gait and balance were quantified using wearable sensor technologies in the clinical setting. Between-group differences in frailty were assessed using analysis of variance, and independent associations between gait and balance parameters with frailty were determined using logistic regression models. Findings Based on Fried index nine (53%) participants were pre-frail and eight (47%) were non-frail. Although no between group differences in demographics or clinical parameters was observed, gait parameters were worse among pre-frail compared to non-frail participants. The highest effect sizes for between group differences were observed in double support during habitual normal walking (effect size=1.86, p<0.01), speed variability during dual-task (effect size=1.26, p=0.03), and trunk sway during fast walking (effect size=1.43, p=0.02). No significant difference was observed in balance parameters (p > 0.07). The regression model using gait parameters demonstrated a high sensitivity and specificity in predicting pre-frailty. Interpretation A short 25-step sensor-based in-clinic overground gait test objectively identified pre-frailty independent of age. Double support was the most sensitive parameter in identifying pre-frail aging adults.

No abstract

In this study fish samples were investigated for Bacteria and Fungi, in fish parts, such as intestine, gills and skin. Bacterial counts of Total viable bacteria (T.V.B) reached more than 9.5 × 10 5 cfu and faecal coliforms (F.C) reached 1.2 × 10 5 cfu. Different species were identified, Using API technology. Escherichia coli comes first by being recording thirty number case of isolation constituting 36%, it followed by Proteus mirabilis which is represented by twenty four number case of isolation accounting for 30%. Other taxa viz: Klebsiella pneumonia, Citrobacter freundii, Providencia stuartii and Erwinia sp. came next according to their case number of isolation, they represented only by 7%. They showed different antibiotics with different inhibitory concentrations, resistance pattern to gentamycin 10 μg, Penicillin G, tetracycline 30 μg, Ampicillin 10 μg, Ampicillin 30 μg, chloramphenicol (C) 30 μg, Rifampicin 25 μg, Streptomycin 5 μg, cefotaxime 15 μg. Mycological investigation revealed the presence of variety of fungal species, particularly, toxigenic species, such as, Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp and Fusarium spp. These results are indication of the spoilage of fishes which caught from Lake Manzala and are risky for human consumption and hazardous to human health in this important area of Egypt, due to the high pollution condition of Lake Manzala.

Although the lake is still considered as the largest of the Egyptian Delta Lakes, its area has been gradually decreased. Extensive land reclamation during the last century has reduced the lake surface area to less than half of its original size. In 1900's, its area was estimated at about 1,709.4 km 2. By the end of the previous century, the area of the lake was estimated to be 1000 km 2. The area of the open water is only 742.8 km 2 due to the presence of a large number of islets in the lake. During the last decade, the reclamation is progressing at an accelerating pace where land had subsequently been created and islands enlarged. Creation of canals and drains such as the Bahr El-Bakar drain, the Sirw drain, the Ramsis drain and the Hadous drain has created an eutrophic condition and low salinity levels in the lake. The areas around the drain outlets in the south and west are characterized by brackish water and the areas in the northeast, near the sea outlets, are saline [1]. The Lake suffers from water pollution induced by agricultural drainage, industrial wastes and sewage and has been shown to be contaminated by persistent organochlorine pollutants [2].This pollution condition of the lake has increased bacterial content particularly that of pathogenic bacterial indicators, such as the fecal coliforms, E.coli, Enterococci and Clostridium perfringes and is manifested in the water as well as in the fish population [3]. pathogenic species such as, Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescence and Vibrio anguillarum, were present in the gills, intestines and flesh of the fish samples. The specimens exhibited toxigenic characteristics as well as multi-drug resistance which could explain the marked reduction of fish and the increase of diarrhoeal diseases among human populations residing in the north eastern coast of Egypt [4-6]. This study aims at characterization of microbial pollution of Lake Manzala, focusing on the antibiotic resistant bacterial strains. Materials and Methods Seasonally during the year 2014, water samples were taken from Kapoty, Bashtier, Mataryia and Gamil outlet areas, fish samples were collected from El-Bashtier Area and El-Mataryia Area. The selected sites are host to significant populations around the lake and receive various types of pollutants which negatively affect the condition of the lake and human health. Sampling sites El-Kapoty Area Samples were taken from the end of the junction canal, which connects the Suez Canal with Lake Manzala; the main source of pollution in this area comes from the city of Port-Said. Effluents such as sewage water and industrial wastes from multiple factories are disposed of in this area of the Lake. This site is close to El-Kapoty village, a fishing village in Port-Said, where they dispose of raw sewage directly into the Lake water. El-Bashtier Area is considered a midpoint between the El-Kapoty and the Mataryia areas; it receives water currents from different directions resulting in high water levels. The de...

The present study aimed to investigate bacterial quality of tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) and evaluate the hygienic health hazard of fish contaminated with some food borne pathogens. Bacteria were isolated from intestine, gills and flesh of Oreochromis niloticus collected from Lake Manzala during two seasons; winter and summer, 2017. Microbiological studies was applied for all samples as total viable bacteria, total coliform, faecal coliform, faecal streptococcus and examined for the presence of Pseudomonas sp. Results show that total viable bacterial count mean was highest in intestine 222 x 10 4 CFUg-1 in summer. Total coliform count mean was highest in intestine 425 x 103 CFUg-1 in summer. Faecal coliform count mean was highest in gills 90 x 10 2 CFUg-1 in summer. Faecal streptococcus detected in fish organs only in summer. P. aeruginosa count mean was highest in intestine 185 x 10 2 CFUg-1 in summer. Molecular identification of suspected colonies was as DNA extraction, PCR technique using ISSR protocol and sequencing, using the nucleotide sequences of the genes for 16S rRNA revealed different strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All isolates were tested for resistance to 10 groups of antibiotics namely Tetracycline (10μg), Gentamicin (10μg), Ampicillin (10μg), Trimethoprim/Sulphamethoxazole (25μg), Vancomycin (30μg), Erythromycin (15μg), Ciprofloxacin (30μg), Chloramphenicol (30μg), Amoxicillin (10μg) and Rifampicin (5μg) using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The results showed high frequency of multi-drug resistance to many antibiotics, particularly penicillin, ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Therefore this fish species caught from the Lake Manzala may pose health hazards to human and the whole ecosystem.