The hydrocarbon fossil fuels are considered as the preferable fuels to provide sufficient energies for industrial purposes. Also, extracting oil from the exploration wells might be a concerning issue in the coming decades, and petroleum engineers push themselves into limits ind novel solutions to enhance the oil recovery factor. Wellbore stimulation procedures exert a profound impact on the current production rate enhancement; respect of the way, reservoir productivity index witnesses a steep rise during the production operation and subsequently would virtually eliminate unnecessary expenditures of other methodologies. Appropriate investigation of acidizing procedures and its significant role in the wellbore production enhancement are utterly dependent on the quality and types of additives, types of acid, acidizing operation and types of formation. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of injected acid in the carbonated reservoir and subsequently its comparison with the acidizing operations model. Therefore, available well-testing experiments are administered to determine the critical reservoir parameters such as skin factor, reservoir pressure, and permeability. Since then by modeling the wellbore condition in the acidizing operation simulator software, the impact of acidizing on the reservoir is simulated. Consequently, the provided information from software is compared with the real data from well-testing operations. As a result, productivity index is increased dramatically owing to successful acidizing procedures.

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The occurrence of n-alkanes and biomarkers (hopane and sterane) in surface sediments from Southwestern coasts of Caspian Sea and 28 rivers arriving to this lake, determined with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method, was used to assess the impacts of anthropogenic activities in the studied area. The concentrations of total n-alkanes (Σ21 n-alkane) in costal and riverine sediments varied from 249.2 to 3899.5 and 56 to 1622.4 μg g(-1), respectively. An evaluation of the source diagnostic indices indicated that petroleum related sources (petrogenic) were mainly contributed to n-alkanes in costal and most riverine sediments. Only the hydrocarbons in sediment of 3 rivers were found to be mainly of biogenic origin. Principal component analysis using hopane diagnostic ratios in costal and riverine sediments, and Anzali, Turkmenistan, and Azerbaijan oils were used to identify the sources of hydrocarbons in sediments. It was indicated that the anthropogenic contributions in most of the costal sediment samples are dominated with inputs of oil spills from Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan countries.

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Three crude oil samples from the Fahliyan Formation in ‘KG’ and ‘F’ fields in the northwest Persian Gulf, namely KG-031, F9A-3H and F15-3H for the geochemical study. In this study, the physicochemical properties, gas chromatography (GC, GC Mass) and (Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis) DHA analyses for the collected Fahliyan oils were carried out. The API, Trace Element (Ni, V) and S% parameters indicated that the Fahliyan oil was generated from a source rock which deposited in reducing environment condition with a carbonate-shale compound lithology. Moreover, low pour point, higher S% and low viscosity parameters of “KG” sample confirmed the existence of medium oil characteristics in this field. In addition, the geochemical outcomes of GC, GC–MS and DHA analyses indicated that the ‘KG’ oils are more aromatic compared with ‘F’ oil; while biomarkers revealed that Fahliyan reservoir oil is highly mature and was formed from a carbonate source rock containing types II, III kerogen. Thus, sterane/hopane biomarkers (C24/C23 and C22/C21 ratios) revealed that Fahliyan oil originated from carbonate source rocks deposited in an anoxic to dysoxic environment, which is consistent with the above analyses. It was identified that the source rock age is early Cretaceous to late Jurassic. It can be reported that the Fahliyan oils from both fields were generated in the same source rock and have almost the same physical properties, and will have the same production strategy.