A covalent benzoxazine framework was synthesized and underwent thermal curing, carbonization and KOH activation providing the nitrogen-doped microporous carbon.

In this study, we successfully synthesized two types of meso/microporous carbon materials through the carbonization and potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation for two different kinds of hyper-crosslinked polymers of TPE-CPOP1 and TPE-CPOP2, which were synthesized by using Friedel–Crafts reaction of tetraphenylethene (TPE) monomer with or without cyanuric chloride in the presence of AlCl3 as a catalyst. The resultant porous carbon materials exhibited the high specific area (up to 1100 m2 g−1), total pore volume, good thermal stability, and amorphous character based on thermogravimetric (TGA), N2 adsoprtion/desorption, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analyses. The as-prepared TPE-CPOP1 after thermal treatment at 800 °C (TPE-CPOP1-800) displayed excellent CO2 uptake performance (1.74 mmol g−1 at 298 K and 3.19 mmol g−1 at 273 K). Furthermore, this material possesses a high specific capacitance of 453 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1 comparable to others porous carbon materials with excellent columbic efficiencies for 10,000 cycle at 20 A g−1.

In this study a series of bicarbazole‐based covalent triazine frameworks (Car‐CTFs) were synthesized under ionothermal conditions from [9,9'‐bicarbazole]‐3,3',6,6'‐tetracarbonitrile (Car‐4CN) in the presence of molten zinc chloride. Thermogravimetric and Brunauer−Emmett−Teller analyses revealed that these Car‐CTFs possessed excellent thermal stabilities and high specific surface areas (ca. 1400 m2/g). The electrochemical performances of this Car‐CTF series, investigated by using cyclic voltammetry, showed a highest capacitance of (545 F/g at 5 mV/s), which also exhibited excellent columbic efficiencies of 96.1 % after 8000 cycles at 100 μA/0.5 cm2. The other Car‐CTF samples displayed similar efficiencies. Furthermore, based on CO2 uptake measurements, one of the series showed the highest CO2 uptake capacities: 3.91 and 7.60 mmol/g at 298 and 273 K, respectively. These results suggest a simple method for the preparation of CTF materials that provide excellent electrochemical and CO2 uptake performance.

Emulsification/internal gelation has been suggested as an alternative to extrusion/external gelation in the encapsulation of several compounds including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as diclofenac sodium. The objective of the present study was a trial to formulate diclofenac sodium as controlled release microparticles that might be administered once or twice daily. This could be achieved via emulsification/internal gelation technique applying Box-Behnken design to choose these formulae. Box-Behnken design determined fifteen formulae containing specified amounts of the independent variables, which included stirring speed in rpm (X1), drug:polymer ratio (X2) and the surfactant span 80% (X3). The dependent variables studied were cumulative percent release after two hours (Y1), four hours (Y2) and eight hours (Y3). The prepared microparticles were characterized for their production yield, sizes, shapes and morphology, entrapment efficiency and Diclofenac sodium in vitro release as well. The results showed that the production yield of the prepared diclofenac sodium microparticles was found to be between 79.55% and 97.41%. The formulated microparticles exhibited acceptable drug content values that lie in the range 66.20-96.36%. Also, the data obtained revealed that increasing the mixing speed (X1) generally resulted in decreased microparticle size. In addition, scanning electron microscope images of the microparticles illustrated that the formula contains lower span concentration (1%) in combination with lower stirring speed (200 rpm) which showed wrinkled, but smooth surfaces. However, by increasing surfactant concentration, microspheres' surfaces become smoother and slightly porous. Kinetic treatment of the in vitro release from drug-loaded microparticles indicated that the zero order is the drug release mechanism for the most formulae.