In this research work, acrylic fabric with an antimicrobial function was prepared by dyeing with C.I. Direct Blue 168 and copper sulfate as mordanting agent. The effects of various factors which may affect the antimicrobial property of the treated fabric, such as copper sulfate concentration and temperature in pre- and post-mordanting procedures, were studied. Antimicrobial properties of treated fabrics were evaluated against common pathogenous bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Untreated acrylic fabric showed no antimicrobial behavior, whilst dyed and copper mordanted fabrics possessed considerable antimicrobial properties. It was found that the treated fabric with 2 % copper sulfate in pre- and post-mordanting scenarios retained the highest antimicrobial property with good washing fastness. It was also shown that using higher temperature in the mordanting stage could lead to a higher antimicrobial functionality on mordanted dyed fabrics. Furthermore, K/S value, FTIR spectra, light and washing fastnesses of the treated fabrics were evaluated.
In this investigation, a nanofibrous sulfonated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (SPET) membrane was prepared by electrospinning of the SPET solution in trifluoroaceticacid (TFA)/dichloromethane (DCM) mixture. The produced nanofibers had diameter ranging from 300 nm to 1 lm. The performance of this membrane's separation process was evaluated under different operating conditions. The influence of the electrospinning and filtration process parameters, such as concentration, applied voltage, deposition time, operating pressure, and filtration time on rejection of C.I. Basic Blue 3 were studied. The dead-end recirculation ultrafiltration set-up was employed. Under optimum conditions (concentration of 20% (w/v) of SPET, applied voltage of 20 kV and deposition time of 3 h) the removal of the aforementioned dye was 98%. Operating pressure has posed a significant influence on the membrane's separation performance, whereas the operating time had some effect on the separation performance. Two equilibrium adsorption isotherms: Langmuir and Freundlich were fitted to the dyes' equilibrium sorption data on SPET membrane at different feed concentrations. The Freundlich isotherm was found to well represent the measured adsorption data based on the higher coefficient of determination (r 2 ). V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 124: E190-E198, 2012
Textile processing industry generally requires significant amounts of process water for cleaning, rinsing, and dyeing purposes and therefore releases significant amounts of dye polluted waste streams into the environment. In recent years considerable attempts have been made to remove pollutants from these waste streams. One of the promising methods in this regard is membrane filtration. Utilizing this separation method would necessitate the manufacture of effective membranes, such as nanofibrous membranes. Electrospinning is a relatively simple method to produce nanofibers from solutions of different polymers and polymer blends. This paper presents the results of a research on manufacturing a membrane filter by electrospinning Nylon-6 nanofibers on a carbon coated polyurethane substrate and implementing this membrane for dye removal in a filtration system. The membrane sample contained nanofibers with an average diameter of 211 nm. Experiments were run with C.I. Direct yellow 12 as a typical dye pollutant. The effect of coating time, transmembrane pressure, and two different pretreatment methods were investigated and it was observed that by the application of 150ppm coagulant material at 0.75 bar pressure, a filtration efficiency of 98% was achieved.
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