BODIPY, abbreviation of boron-dipyrromethene, is one class of robust organic molecules that has been used widely in bioimaging, sensing, and logic gate design. Recently, BODIPY dyes have been explored for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Studies demonstrate their potential as light absorbers for the conversion of solar energy to electricity. However, their photovoltaic performance is inferior to many other dyes, including porphyrin dyes. In this review, several synthetic strategies of BODIPY dyes for DSCs and their further functionalization are described. The photophysical properties of dye molecules and their photovoltaic performances in DSCs are summarized. We aim to provide readers a clear picture of the field and expect to shed light on the next generation of BODIPY dyes for their applications in solar energy conversion.
The
compatibility of photochemistry with solid-phase peptide synthesis
is demonstrated via photochemical hydroalkylation to form C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds between on-resin Giese acceptors
and redox-active esters. Both iridium-based photocatalysts and Hantszch
ester led to high yields, with final reaction conditions producing
full conversions within 30 min under ambient conditions. The chemistry
is compatible with a broad range of peptide side chains, redox-active
esters, and resin. These conditions represent the first example of
photochemical peptide modifications on resin.
Forging new C(sp 3 )−C(sp 3 ) bonds to central positions within a peptide backbone is critical for the development of new therapeutics and chemical probes. Currently, there are no methods for decarboxylating Asp and Glu side chains solid-phase photochemically or using such radicals to form peptide macrocycles. Herein, electron-donor-acceptor complexes between Hantzsch ester and on-resin peptide N-hydroxyphthalimide radical precursors are used to access these radicals, demonstrated with two-carbon homologations and homologation cyclizations of Atosiban and RGDf.
BODIPY, abbreviation for boron-dipyrromethene, is a class of fluorescent dyes. They exhibit several unique characteristics including tunable spectral coverage, high absorption capability, exceptional chemical and photo-resistance in solution and in solid state, very good solubility in organic solvents, and easy structural modification making them attractive for many applications. However, in the past thirty years, the research on BODIPY dyes is heavily focused on development of new molecules for imaging and labeling of biological substrates, and only a few reports are related to solar energy conversion. In this talk, I will present our recent studies on several functionalized BODIPY dyes with a donor-π-acceptor configuration for dye-sensitized solar cells. Those highly functionalized BODIPY dyes exhibit strong absorption in the visible region and very interesting photovoltaic and sensitization behaviors. Synthesis, single-crystal structures, photophysical and photovoltaic properties will be discussed. The findings from our study will be of great interests to researchers who are working in the fields of solar energy conversion.
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