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Petroleum oil leakage and industrial oily waste on the water surface are sustainable pollutions. The removal process by eco-friendly adsorbents is a critical challenge. It also requires sustainable treatment. The natural hydrophobic material such as abietic acid, boswellic acid, and chitosan was added to magnetite nanoparticles with different concentrations of 10, 15, and 20% on its surface. The magnetite acquires partially hydrophobic properties. The prepared natural adsorbents were analyzed by employing wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size and zeta potential, and contact angle measurements. Chitosan adsorbs at the outer surface of magnetite nanoparticles while boswellic and abietic absorb in bulk. All prepared adsorbents are effective in adsorbing waste oil from the water surface. The contact angle of MB20 (magnetite/20 percent boswellic) is greater than that of MA20 and MC20 (magnetite/20% abietic or chitosan, respectively), indicating that it has more hydrophobic characteristics. The oil removal efficiency and adsorption capacity of MB20 are the highest values 57.6%, and 24 g/g, respectively. All eco-friendly adsorbents are nontoxic with low-cost production and are used many times.

Two vegetable oils were used to obtain Jet biofuels by catalytic cracking using two acidic catalysts (alumina and clay). The reaction conditions were studied including: catalyst ratio (0.2-1%), reaction time and temperature. The obtained biojet fuels were specified and compared according to ASTM specifications. The results of the study showed that the produced biojets are comparable to the petroleum derivatives. Increasing the catalyst ratio, time and temperature of the process were increased the efficiency of the produced fuels and narrow the differences between their properties and the commercial fuel. The obtained fuels were blended by JET A-1 in different ratios and the results of the blends were studied according to ASTM specifications.

Steel is involved extensively in engineering vast constructing units in many industries and can undergo to corrosion by some chemical and/or electrochemical reactions with the environment. Therefore, designating an organic inhibitor with a specific chemical structure will participate in steel protection via enhancing their adsorption on the steel surface. Three gemini cationic surfactants based on azomethine with different hydrophobic tails labeled GSBI8, GSBI12, and GSBI16 have been designated and evaluated as corrosion inhibitors utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), gravimetrical and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. Importantly, the surfactant tail regulated the corrosion inhibition performance; with increasing the surfactant tail length, their inhibition efficiency enhanced because of their higher adsorption affinity. The inhibition efficiency of GSBI8, GSBI12, and GSBI16 reached 95.52, 96.72, and 97.1% respectively (EIS measurements). The Tafel examination clarified that GSBI8, GSBI12, and GSBI16 inhibitors behave as mixed type inhibitors following the modified Langmuir isotherm. The inhibitors adsorption on C-steel was confirmed by SEM surface examination. Finally, the DFT and MCs point of views investigation supported the experimental performance of the tested GSBI8, GSBI12, and GSBI16 inhibitors and specially their dependence on surfactant tail length.

To produce ecofriendly and proficient metal working fluids and also to decrease the impact of waste cooking oil in the environment, waste cooking oil was recycled in novel prepare. Waste cooking oil was glycolyzed utilizing polyethylene glycol 400, 600 and 1000 gm to allow the glycolyzed products (GWCO-400, GWCO-600 and GWCO-1000). The prepared additives were utilized as emulsifiers to form metal working fluid application in presence of cooking oil, castor oil, and Jatropha oil as environmentally friendly oils. The outcomes demonstrated great soundness of the prepared water-vegetable oils emulsions. The pH, specific gravity, kinematic viscosity at 40 o C, surface tension, and anticorrosion tests of the obtained MWFs gave acceptable results compared to several working fluids formulations.

In this work, a novel vegetable oil-based polymeric agents were prepared by epoxidation of rapeseed oil (RO) and castor oil (CO) followed by ring opening reaction of epoxidized products, (epoxidized rapeseed oil and epoxidized castor oil) (ERO) and (ECO) with polyethylene glycol with different molecular weights (400, 600 and 10000 g/mole). The prepared polymers were characterized by 1 H NMR, FTIR and GPC for determination of molecular weight. The properties of epoxidized vegetable oil (EVO) and Polymeric vegetable oils (polymeric dispersant of rapseed (PDR) and (polymeric dispersant of castor (PDC) were studied. The prepared polymers were employed as emulsifiers for metal working cutting fluids (MWCF) application.

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