Many IoT systems generate a huge and varied amount of data that need to be processed and responded to in a very short time. One of the major challenges is the high energy consumption due to the transmission of data to the cloud. Edge computing allows the workload to be offloaded from the cloud at a location closer to the source of data that need to be processed while saving time, improving privacy, and reducing network traffic. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient approach for IoT data collection and analysis. First of all, we apply a fast error-bounded lossy compressor on the collected data prior to transmission, that is considered to be the greatest consumer of energy in an IoT device. In a second phase, we rebuild the transmitted data on an edge node and process it using supervised deep learning techniques. To validate our approach, we consider the context of driving behavior monitoring in intelligent vehicle systems where vital signs data are collected from the driver using a Wireless Body Sensor Network (WBSN) and wearable devices and sent to an edge node for stress level detection. The experimentation results show that the amount of transmitted data has been reduced by up to 103 times without affecting the quality of medical data and driver stress level prediction accuracy.

Abstract-Data-Providing (DP) services allow query-like access to organizations' data via web services. The invocation of a DP service results in the execution of a query over data sources. In most cases, users' queries require the composition of several services. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for querying and automatically composing DP services. The proposed approach largely draws from the experiences and lessons learned in the areas of service composition, ontology, and answering queries over views. First, we introduce a model for the description of DP services and specification of service-oriented queries. We model DP services as RDF views over a mediated (domain) ontology. Each RDF view contains concepts and relations from the mediated ontology to capture the semantic relationships between input and output parameters. Second, we propose query rewriting algorithms for processing queries over DP services. The query mediator automatically transforms a user's query (during the query rewriting stage) into a composition of DP services. Finally, we describe an implementation and provide a performance evaluation of the proposed approach.

Internet of Things (IoT) applications typically collect and analyse personal data that can be used to derive sensitive information about individuals. However, thus far, privacy concerns have not been explicitly considered in software engineering processes when designing IoT applications. The advent of behaviour driven security mechanisms, failing to address privacy concerns in the design of IoT applications can have security implications. In this paper, we explore how a Privacy-by-Design (PbD) framework, formulated as a set of guidelines, can help software engineers integrate data privacy considerations into the design of IoT applications. We studied the utility of this PbD framework by studying how software engineers use it to design IoT applications. We also explore the challenges in using the set of guidelines to influence the IoT applications design process. In addition to highlighting the benefits of having a PbD framework to make privacy features explicit during the design of IoT applications, our studies also surfaced a number of challenges associated with the approach. A key finding of our research is that the PbD framework significantly increases both novice and expert software engineers' ability to design privacy into IoT applications.

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In service-oriented computing, a user usually needs to locate a desired service for: (i) fulfilling her requirements or (ii) replacing a service, which disappears or is unavailable for some reasons, to perform an interaction. With the increasing number of services available within an enterprise and over the Internet, locating a service online may not be appropriate from the performance perspective, especially in large Internet-based service repositories. Instead, services usually need to be clustered according to their similarity. Thereafter, services in one or several clusters are necessary to be examined online during dynamic service discovery. In this paper, we propose to cluster data providing (DP) services using a refined fuzzy -means algorithm. We consider the composite relation between DP service elements (i.e., input, output, and semantic relation between them) when representing DP services in terms of vectors. A DP service vector is assigned to one or multiple clusters with certain degrees. In addition, we introduce some operations for managing service clusters, when new services emerge or existing services disappear or become unavailable. When grouping similar services into one cluster, while partitioning different services into different clusters, the capability of service search engine is improved significantly. We have prototyped our approach and the source code is freely available on the web. We have evaluated our clustering approach in different settings and the results are very promising.Note to Practitioners-DP services are common nowadays, and there are a huge number of DP services in the Internet-scale environment. Locating an appropriate DP service accurately and efficiently with respect to the requirements of a certain requestor is a challenging task. This work presents a novel clustering-oriented approach, which aims to group DP services into clusters offline leveraging the semantic description of these DP services, and provides operations for managing these clusters. The clustering procedure is conducted by means of a machine learning technique which is a refined fuzzy -means method. A DP service can be assigned to one or several clusters with certain degrees. DP service clusters constitute a cluster network. Operations are provided for facilitating the evolution of cluster network, when a DP service emerges or disappears sometime for some reason. A prototype has been implemented and the approach has been evaluated on two test collections of DP services considering factors impacting the efficiency. Our method can be readily used in industrial DP service repository for supporting DP service discovery and replacement.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) envisions the creation of an environment where everyday objects (e.g. microwaves, fridges, cars, coffee machines, etc.) are connected to the internet and make users' lives more productive, efficient, and convenient. During this process, everyday objects capture a vast amount of data that can be used to understand individuals and their behaviours. In the current IoT ecosystems, such data is collected and used only by the respective IoT solutions. There is no formal way to share data with external entities. We believe this is very efficient and unfair for users. We believe that users, as data owners, should be able to control, manage, and share data about them in any way that they choose and make or gain value out of them. To achieve this, we proposed the Sensing as a Service (S 2 aaS) model. In this paper, we discuss the Sensing as a Service ecosystem in terms of its architecture, components and related user interaction designs. This paper aims to highlight the weaknesses of the current IoT ecosystem and to explain how S 2 aaS would eliminate those weaknesses. We also discuss how an everyday user may engage with the S 2 aaS ecosystem and design challenges.