The overall performance and correctness of the calibration of all kinds of traditional scanning probe microscopes can be assessed in a fully quantitative way by means of "crystallographic" processing of their twodimensional (2D) images from samples with 2D periodic (and preferably highly symmetric) features. This is because crystallographic image processing results in two residual indices that quantify by how much the symmetry in a corresponding scanning probe microscopy image deviates from the symmetries of the possible plane groups of the periodic features of the sample. When a most probable plane symmetry group has been identified on the basis of crystallographic image processing, the symmetry in the scanning probe microscopy image can be "enforced" in order to obtain "clearer" images, effectively removing the less than ideal "influence" of the microscope on the imaging processes. This paper illustrated the crystallographic image processing procedure for scanning tunneling microscopy images that were recorded from a monolayer of a phthalocyanine on two different types of substrates.
In the last decade, nanosized metal organic frameworks (NMOFs) have gained an increasing applicability as multifunctional nanocarriers for drug delivery in cancer therapy. However, only a limited number of platforms have been reported that can serve as an effective targeted drug delivery system (DDSs). Herein, we report rational design and construction of doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded nanoscale Zr (IV)-based NMOF (NH2-UiO-66) decorated with active tumor targeting moieties; folic acid (FA), lactobionic acid (LA), glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), and dual ligands of LA and GA, as efficient multifunctional DDSs for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. The success of modification was exhaustively validated by various structural, thermal and microscopic techniques. Biocompatibility studies indicated the safety of pristine NH2-UiO-66 against HSF cells whereas DOX-loaded dual-ligated NMOF was found to possess superior cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells which was further confirmed by flow cytometry. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy was used for monitoring cellular uptake in comparison to the non-ligated and mono-ligated NMOF. Additionally, the newly developed dual-ligated NMOF depicted a pH-responsiveness towards the DOX release. These findings open new avenues in designing various NMOF-based DDSs that actively target hepatic cancer to achieve precise therapy.
ReX 2 (X = S, Se) remains a copious source of controversies and unanswered questions due to its widely contrasting experimental and theoretical results. With the help of comparative first-principles electronic structure and phonon calculations, the correct structures for both systems are established, which minimize the apparent divergence of different experimental results. It is demonstrated that ReS 2 and ReSe 2 are neither iso-structural nor iso-electronic. The contributions of the in-plane and out-of-plane orbitals at the band-edges of the bulk and monolayers are coordinated with their anisotropic optical response. Under moderately high pressure, both of these systems are observed to undergo a semiconductor to metal transition. With the help of a combined full-potential density functional theory and multiplet ligand field theory (DFT+MLFT) approach, the X-ray spectral properties of these two systems are analyzed in the light of their intricate differences of optimized structures and electronic correlations.
The magnetic nature of low dimensional compound, CrCl3, was investigated by muon spin rotation, relaxation and resonance (µ + SR). The µ + SR measurements revealed three distinct phases as a function of temperature: an antiferromagnetic state (AF) for T ≤ TN = 14.32(6) K, a ferromagnetic short range ordered state (FM-SRO) for TN < T <∼ 18 K and a paramagnetic phase (PM) above ∼ 18 K. Moreover, the AF state exhibits appreciable spin dynamics, which increases with decreasing temperature below TN. These dynamics originate from out of plane fluctuations, which seem to settle for 9.5 K≤ T ≤ TN, evidenced from measurements in ZF and complementary local field calculations. Moreover, the presented muon Knight shift measurements just above TN represent a clear microscopic evidence for the absence of the previously speculated long range quasi-2D FM order.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.