This study aims to determine the influence of grafting and nano-silicon fertilizer on the growth and production of tomatoes (Solanumlycopersicum L.) under salinity conditions. A commercial tomato hybrid (cv. Strain B) was used as a scion and two tomato phenotypes were used as rootstocks: S. pimpinellifolium and Edkawy. The rootstock effect was evaluated by growing plants at two NaCl concentrations plus the control (0, 4000, and 8000 ppm NaCl). Nano-silicon foliar application (0.5 ppm) after 20, 28, and 36 days from transplanting was also used to mitigate salinity stress. Antioxidants, hormones, and proline were evaluated for a better understanding of the physiological changes induced by salinity and grafting. The results showed that grafting either on S. pimpinellifolium or Edkawy combined with nano-silicon application enhanced shoot and root growth, fruit yield, and fruit quality. The Edkawy rootstock was more effective than the S. pimpinellifolium rootstock in terms of counteracting the negative effect of salinity. Higher levels of mineral contents, GA3, ABA, and proline were detected in shoots that were subjected to grafting and nano-silicon application compared to the control treatment. This study indicates that grafting and nano-silicon application hold potential as alternative techniques to mitigate salt stress in commercial tomato cultivars.
Weeds represent a major constraint for successful pea cultivation, resulting in loss of green pea yield and quality. Two field experiments were carried out during the winter seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the efficacy of pendimethalin, butralin, fluazifop butyl, bentazon, and hoeing on weed control, and their impact on pea growth, nodule formation, yield, quality, and storability. The results indicated that hoeing and fluazifop butyl were the most effective treatments for weed control in terms of the lowest values of total weed dry weight. The bentazon and fluazifop butyl herbicides didn’t affect active nodules number, plant height, plant weight, root length, or number of leaves and branches. Additionally, bentazon and hoeing resulted in the highest total yield per plant and protein content. Butralin and pendimetalin achieved the lowest yield, and butralin also resulted in the lowest plant height and weight. Bentazon-treated peas had the highest chemical compositions in terms of chlorophyll, carotenoids, total sugar, and vitamin C contents in pea pods at harvest and during cold storage at 4 °C and 95 RH for 45 days. No detectable residues of the four herbicides under study were detected in green pods, suggesting that pods can be safely consumed at the time of harvesting. It can be concluded that nodules formation in pea was not affected significantly by the application of the tested herbicides, except pendimethalin and butralin. Furthermore, bentazon had a positive impact on nodules formation and pods quality and could be used effectively for controlling the broadleaf weeds, and it was simultaneously a selective and safe herbicide in pea cultivation.
This study aimed to produce Nile perch fish nuggets by replacing a part of fish flesh with different concentrations of sesame hulls and sunroot to reach the optimal recipe. Chemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of nuggets were evaluated during 3 months of frozen storage at -18 °C. According to the obtained data on the chemical composition of raw materials, Nile perch flesh had the highest content of protein (20.21%), sesame hulls contained the highest amount of fat (13.54%), fiber (17.24%) and ash (16.11%), while sunroot tubers had the highest amount of carbohydrates (15.76%). Based on the sensory score, the acceptable replacement ratio for fish nuggets prepared with sunroot (T1) and sesame hulls (T2) was 10% and 7.5%, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) analysis at zero time shows that the T1 samples had the minimum value compared to the T2 and control samples. During storage, the TBA levels increased slightly in all samples, but after three months T1 also showed the lowest value. The total plate count (TPC) and psychrophilic bacterial (PSY) count in the samples were affected by the period of frozen storage at -18 °C. The initial TPC and PSY loads were 2.32 and 2.02 log cfu/g for control; 2.24 and 1.72 log cfu/g for T1; 2.30 and 1.47 log cfu/g for T2, respectively. During storage, the values of TPC and Psy slightly decreased. In conclusion, this study succeeded in the replacement of Nile perch fish with sesame hulls and sunroot as new sources to improve the nutritional value and quality characteristics of fish nuggets.
This experiment was carried out at Cairo University's Faculty of Agriculture in Giza, Egypt during the 2020 and 2021 seasons in the same location to determine the influence of laser irradiation on the growth, production, chemical content, anatomical structure, and gene expression of dry beans. Two commercial cultivars were used (Tema and Nebraska). The treatments were 5milliwatt power for 30seconds, 5 mill watt power for 120seconds, 20milliwatt power for 30seconds, 20 mill watt power for 120seconds, and control. The result showed that the Tema cultivar combined with 20 mW× 120s enhanced vegetative growth parameters and plant production compared to untreated. The same attributes, chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, total sugar, total phenol, and antioxidants were significantly affected with the Tema cultivar and 20 mW×120s. Moreover, the highest values of anatomical characters were recorded by treated plants with laser at (20 mW× 120 s) for midvein thickness, Lamina thickness, dimensions of midvein bundle, the number of rows of xylem as well as the mean diameter of the vessel for both cultivars under study. SCoT-cDNA technique identified fragments ranging from 94 to 1609 bp and produced 23 polymorphic bands (52.91% average of polymorphism) with 13 unique bandsmostlyfrom5 milli watt power for 30s. The maximum value of GTS was %40 % at 20-milliwatt power for 120min, while the minimum value was recorded at 22.5 %at5-milliwatt power for 30s and the control. The results revealed the accuracy and benefits of the SCoT-cDNA technique for determining the changes in gene expression in plants exposed to laser radiation.
The climbed beans(Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the export vegetables crops with an economic importance. Beans grown in greenhouses highly infested by the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch(Acari: Tetranychidae)(TSSM).The present study is to evaluate the field efficacy of three acaricides with or without the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot against T. urticae on climbed beans under greenhouse condition with a reference to the characteristics of growth and productivity. The field study revealed that the acaricides; agnar 20% SC, penny 9% SC and biomectin 5% EC combined with the predatory mite P. persimilis were more effective in controlling TSSM than acaricides or predator mite separately.The acaricide penny or biomectin with P. persimilis as a co-treatment significantly increased vegetative growth and productivity. In addition, the sublethal (LC25) effects of these acaricides on T. urticae females' life-table parameters were studied in the laboratory. All tested acaricides had a significant effect on T. urticae biological parameters such as longevity, total life span, and fecundity. Treatment with agnar, penny and biomectin at LC25,significantly reduced the net reproduction(R0)and gross reproduction (GRR)rates of TSSM females. Consequently, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and finite rate of increase(λ)were also affected. In the treated groups and control, the intrinsic rate of increase was 0.129, 0.113, 0.107, and 0.199 female offspring per female per day, respectively. The results showed that the field efficacy of acaricides, as well as sub-lethal effects on TSSM biological characteristics, allow us to obtain a clear image of population level responses to acaricides utilized.
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