A real industrial electroplating rinsing wastewater was collected and subjected the physical and chemical examination. The study showed that it can be categorized as high strength wastewater, at pH- 2, COD 1430 mg/l, and high level of metals above permissible limits namely: 150, 30, 25, and 2.9 for Ni, Cu, Zn, and Fe mg/l respectively. Therefore, metals must be adequately removed before discharging to avoid any hazardous impact on the environment. Similar synthetic wastewater was prepared to study effect of chemical coagulation for the precipitation of metals. The optimum removal rate was achieved by using a combination of lime and ferric chloride at 100 and 30 mg/l respectively. The chemically treated electroplating wastewater was subjected to an electrocoagulation study. A comparison between iron and stainless-steel electrodes for the removal of metals was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of different electric voltage, and the contact time on metals removal efficiency were also examined. It was found that the optimum removal capacity was achieved when stainless steel electrode was employed in the presence of ferric chloride as coagulant, at 10 volts, 30 min. contact time, and pH 9 for synthetic solution. In a batch treatment system, the real industrial wastewater was treated at the predetermined optimum operating conditions; the removal of metals was 92.1%, 87.8% and 82.9% for Ni. Zn, and Cu respectively. By employing a continuous flow reactor for the treatment of the same real wastewater and under the same operating conditions; metals removal rate increased to 98.9%, 97.4% and 96.6% for Ni. Zn, and Cu respectively. The level of metals in the final treated wastewater copes with Egyptian Environmental Regulation. The overall results confirmed that the electro-coagulation (EC) technology offers an effective alternative process in combination with the conventional chemical coagulation process for reaching high removal performance of toxic metals from the electroplating wastewater. The advantage of EC technique is achieving high treatment efficiency instead of expensive chemical reagents, high construction cost and/or other conventional processes. In addition, the final treated water can be reused for rinsing process in electroplating industry and/or discharging without any environmental hazard effect. It is also recommended to employ solar energy instead of electricity to reduce cost of operation.
E LECTROPLATING wastewater is considered one of the most hazardous liquid wastes due to the presence of high contraction of toxic metals. Consequently, treatment of such wastewater is essential to protect the environment and waterways. Heavy metal ions are frequently of high toxicity and require treatment to the allowable standards for wastewater discharge. Electrochemical methods are more suitable for heavy metals removal due to their ability to reduce metal concentration to less than the permissible limits as well as allowing recovery of valuable metals. The aim of the present study is treatment of real electroplating wastewater. For this purpose, synthetic as well as real electroplating wastewaters were examined using soluble alumnium electodes and insoluble carbon electrode along wih ferric chloride and / or alum as coagulants. Factors affecting this treatment process were studied extensively, namely: current intensity, material of the electrode, pH and time. The obtained results proved that the best removal was achieved at 30 minutes and a potential difference 15 volt for aluminum electrode and 10 volts for carbon electrode. The later was combined with ferric chloride as coagulant. When the synthetic solution was examined by using aluminum electrode, the removal rate reached 97.2%, 97% and 96% for Zn, Cu, and Ni, respectively. By using carbon electrode in combination with ferric chloride, the respective removal rate reached 97.5%, 97.2% and 97.1%. By using the real electroplating wastewater and aluminum electrode, the removal rate reached 80%, 76.6% and 93.4% for Zn, Cu, and Ni respectively and by using carbon electrode and ferric chloride the achieved removal rate was 81.6%, 77.3% and 94.4% successively. It was concluded that the use of carbon electrode with FeCl 3 is more suitable than aluminum electrode due to the dissolution of aluminum ions from electrode into the solution.
In this work, corncob waste was used as a solid adsorbent for removal of Pb, Ni, Zn, Cd ions from aquatic ecosystem through batch techniques. The influences of bio-sorbent dose, pH, concentration of metal ions and contact time with biochar on these heavy metal ions removal percentages were investigated. Optimum removal of Pb, Ni, Zn and Cd ions was achieved at bio-sorbent dose (3g), and contact time (90 min.). Desorption experiments were performed due to the importance for the financial competitiveness of biosorption with other process, indicating that (2.5 M) sodium hydroxide is the most promising desorbing agent for efficient sorbent regeneration. The results of this study confirm that corncob waste can be beneficially used for treating aquatic ecosystem containing Pb, Ni, Zn and Cd ions.
Magnesium oxide is one of the most products that used as fuel additive in the treatment of heavy fuel oil. It has a good efficiency in the reduction of the bad effects produced from burning heavy fuel oil. In this work, extraction of magnesium oxide from wastewater of cation exchange regeneration unit was studied. The extracted magnesium oxide was suspended in a solution of gelatin as a suspension agent. Different doses of suspended magnesium oxide were added to heavy fuel oil. The optimum dose for maximum reduction of the free sulfuric acid (acidity) exists in the combustion products was determine, also emission produced from burning treated and untreated heavy fuel oil were investigated. By this treatment, the values of sulfur, sodium and vanadium in the fuel were reduced, while physical properties of fuel were approximately stable. The amount of reduction of some pollutants between treated and untreated heavy fuel oil was calculated. However, sulfur in heavy fuel oil was reduced from1.6 to1.2 ppm with a percent reduction of 25%. The vanadium was reduced from 48 to37 ppm with percentage reduction of 9.1% and sodium was reduced from 84 to 74 ppm with a percentage reduction of 11.9 %, also the value of free sulfuric acid is reduced from 67 to 50 ppm with
The objective of the study is to find available alternative methods to reach integrated healthcare waste management in the state of Kuwait. Such methods would minimize the risks result from medical waste that affects healthcare staff, public health, and the environment and to help bring the Kuwait ministry of health legislation closer to Kuwait Environment Public Authority standards and legislation. A survey among a sample of 386 staff of 6 governmental hospitals in state of Kuwait indicates that there is lack in cleaner's knowledge. A field visit to the governmental hospital indicates that there is a lack of provision of materials for the safe disposal of medical waste. Analyze 9 samples using (HRGC/HRMS) instrument indicate that emission of dioxin and furan is within (KPEA) limits, but the level of emissions is increase depending on different factors, also analyses 7 samples of bottom ash in (ICPOES) classified it as hazard waste. This study concludes that reduce (PCDD ' s and PCDF ' s) depend on human, technical legal factors, and using environmentally friendly alternatives methods instead of or assistant to the process of medical waste incineration.
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