a Photosynthesis includes capturing sunlight by an assembly of molecules, called chlorophylls, and directing the harvested energy in the form of electronic excitations to the reaction center. Here we report, using realspace density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory together with GW calculations, the optical and electronic properties of the two main chlorophylls in green plants, namely, chlorophylls a and b. Furthermore, we estimate the dipole and primitive quadrupole electric moments of these molecules. We employ Casida's assignment ansatz to study the absorption spectra of the chlorophylls in the two main red and blue regions at various environments with different exchangecorrelation functionals. In addition, we obtain the band gap of chlorophylls a and b, which are all in remarkable agreement with experimental observations.

Extreme events occur in a variety of natural, technical, and societal systems and often have catastrophic consequences. Their low-probability, high-impact nature has recently triggered research into improving our understanding of generating mechanisms, providing early warnings as well as developing control strategies. For the latter to be effective, knowledge about dynamical resistance of a system prior to an extreme event is of utmost importance. Here we introduce a novel time-series-based and non-perturbative approach to efficiently monitor dynamical resistance and apply it to high-resolution observations of brain activities from 43 subjects with uncontrollable epileptic seizures. We gain surprising insights into pre-seizure dynamical resistance of brains that also provide important clues for success or failure of measures for seizure prevention. The novel resistance monitoring perspective advances our understanding of precursor dynamics in complex spatio-temporal systems with potential applications in refining control strategies.

The universality of interfacial roughness in growing epithelial tissue has remained a controversial issue. Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) universality classes have been reported among other behaviors including a total lack of universality. Here, we simulate tissues using the CELLSIM3D kinetic division model for deformable cells to investigate cell-colony scaling. With seemingly minor model changes, it can reproduce both KPZ-and MBE-like scaling in configurations that mimic the respective experiments. Tissue growth with strong cell-cell adhesion in a linear geometry is KPZ like, while weakly adhesive tissues in a radial geometry are MBE like. This result neutralizes the apparent scaling controversy.

Universality of interfacial roughness in growing epithelial tissue has remained a controversial issue. Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) and Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) universality classes have been reported among other behaviors including total lack of universality. Here, we utilize a kinetic division model for deformable cells to investigate cell-colony scaling. With seemingly minor model changes, it can reproduce both KPZ-and MBE-like scaling in configurations that mimic the respective experiments. This result neutralizes the apparent scaling controversy. It can be speculated that this diversity in growth behavior is beneficial for efficient evolution and versatile growth dynamics.