Introduction: Lice are widespread at a global scale and afflict all socioeconomic classes. Despite advanced healthcare, head lice are particularly prevalent among elementary school female students. Thus, the present research aims to explore pediculosis infection and its cofactors among 8-10-year-old female students in Jam County, Bushehr province, Iran, in 2019. Methodology: The present descriptive research was analytical in type. The research population comprised female elementary school students in Jam County, selected through multi-stage randomization. The final sample selected consisted of 854 participants. The data collection instruments were a questionnaire and an optic test of all students at school. SPSS 22 was used to statistically analyze the data via Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The significance level was set at <0.05. Findings: The mean age of the participating students was 9.5 years. The prevalence of head lice among this sample was 15.4% and was higher in urban areas than the rural. Statistically significant correlations were found between lice infection and variables including father’s occupation and education, mother’s occupation and education and having a bathroom at home (p<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of lice in the present research showed to be higher that a body of related literature. Thus, it is essential to make preventive interventions to diagnose, treat and control pediculosis and consider the infection-related cofactors of lice infection in healthcare centers.
Background and Purpose: University students are young and are thus at a critical period of adopting healthy behaviors. Their life-style exposes them to a high rate of consuming fast food. In the long run, they are faced with higher chances of obesity and risk of affliction with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The present research aims to explore university students’ attitude towards fast food consumption based in the Prototype/Willingness model. Materials and methods: The present research followed a qualitative approach and a directed content analysis in 2018-19 among students affiliated with Rafsanjan universities. The participants were selected through purposeful sampling. A semi-structured interview was held with 20 students and it went on until data satiation occurred. The qualitative content analysis was done through Graneheim and Lundman method. Results: Analysis of university students’ experience of fast food consumption led to the extraction of 2 categories, 16 sub-categories and 65 final codes. The main theme was attitude for which the following subcategories were extracted: pleasure in consumption, fast preparation, inability to cook, lethargy, low cost, inadequate monitoring, Indulgence, bringing excuses, lack of knowledge, optimism in one’s health, consumeristic media, disorganized student life. For the negative attitude category, the following sub-categories were considered: attempts to provide healthy food, hated to fast food consumption, creation of a healthy supportive atmosphere by the family, bad experiences, perceived threat and perceived consequences. Conclusion: Knowledge of positive and negative attitudes would help program designers to contrive of the best preventive strategy focused on the adjustment of positive attitudes and reinforcement of negative attitudes to fast food consumption.
Introduction: In recent decades, a significant increase has been observed in the average weight of people due to fast food consumption, which increases the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Given the importance of this issue, this study was conducted to investigate the predictors of fast food consumption based on the Prototype/Willingness Model among students the School of Public Health in Rafsanjan City. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 129 students from Rafsanjan School of Public Health were studied using the census method. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire by self-report. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS version 20 and statistical tests of correlation and regression analysis. Results: According to the Prototype/Willingness Model, the mean and standard deviations of the attitude, positive perceptions, tendencies to fast food consumption, intention to not consume fast food, and negative mental norms about fast food consumption were 13.76±3.61, 17± 4.35, 7.4 ±1.58, 6.27± 4.19, and 7± 3.11, respectively. Considering the scores of the Prototype/Willingness Model, the attitude construct had the best score with 68.8% of the total attainable score. Based on the results of the correlations, a significant positive correlation was found between the intention to avoid consuming fast food and negative subjective norms to fast food consumption. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was observed between the constructs of attitude, positive images, and willingness to fast food consumption. Linear regression analysis showed that all constructs of the studied model could predict 0.40% of the variance in the intention to avoid consuming fast food. In this regard, the negative subjective norms to fast food consumption was strongest construct. Conclusion: Subjective norm is defined as one's important individuals' belief about performing a behavior . Thus, subjective norms changes in the negative direction towards consuming fast foods is effective based on the Prototype/Willingness Model.
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