A survey was carried out in the field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Basra University. The mechanical field try was done by isolating the field’s property as indicated by the Randomized Completely Block Design (R.C.B.D) included two factors, the first factor uses two primary tillage implements was mounted moldboard plough and digger plough, and second factor was four kinds of auxiliary culturing implements: Disk harrows, Axe harrows, spring cultivator and Rotary plough. The research was conducted in silty loam soil to investigate the influence of fuel consumption, traction force, field efficiency and the soil Fragmentation index. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of trowel type on the performance indicators of mechanical units to adapt them to the soils studied. The use of agricultural machinery contributed significantly to reducing the time, costs, effort and wages of workers in the field. The most prominent of these processes are the primary and secondary preparation of the soil and the mixing of manure residues with the surface layer of the soil. In this research, the superiority of the rotary plow over the rest of the machines was observed by recording the lowest pulling force and the lowest fuel consumption rate that it needs while moving and it was 1.60 kN and 14.42 L. ha-1 respectively, in addition to that giving it the best field efficiency and the best fragmentation degree and it was 68.66%, 6.5 mm respectively.
The study was conducted in one of the fields affiliated to the Agricultural Research Station at the University of Basra, Karmat Ali site. The agricultural field experiment was carried out by dividing the field land according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a one-time split plots design, where the main plots represent smoothing machines and sub-plots, the levels of organic residues and three replicators. The soil was plowed with a moldboard plow at a depth of 25-30 cm, and the organic residues were mixed with the soil by use of secondary tillage equipment. While the area of the experimental unit was (150 * 250) cm2, a distance of 2m was left between the experimental sectors and units to ensure that there was no overlap between the treatments. Seeds of oats were planted for all experimental units after the implementation of the treatments and at a seeding rate according to the recommendation followed in the region. Soil characteristics are measured for depths (0-15, 15-30) cm and for two periods (beginning and end of the plant growing season), and plant growth and yield indicators are measured at the end of the growing season. The aim of the research is to study the effect of adding levels of manure residues mixed with the surface layer in different ways on soil characteristics at the beginning and end of the oat crop growing season. The results of the experiment indicate the superiority of the spring cultivator and the percentage of adding organic residues (40 tons. Ha-1) over the rest of the machines and fertilization treatments by achieving the lowest apparent density at the beginning and end of the oats growing season, which amounted to 0.992 and 1.113 Mg m-3, respectively. In addition, they have achieved the highest the percentage of total porosity was 62.56 and 57.97 %, respectively. It also gave the highest weighted average diameter, which reached 0.859 and 0.688 mm, respectively. In addition, it gave the lowest soil penetration resistance, which reached 0.887 and 1.130 MPa, respectively.
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