Purpose Modular product development is a turning table concept in terms of benefits and impact in manufacturing companies. It offers added benefits to the companies with respect to reduce lead-time, improve assemble ability and agility in supply chain management, promote product family and enhance customer satisfaction. This paper aims to identify the patterns of modular product development strategy by using measurement techniques. Design/methodology/approach Both quantitative and qualitative approaches are considered. In the qualitative section, relevant data on product design are collected from six case companies. On the other hand, in the quantitative section, collected data are analyzed to measure the product modularity level with the case companies. Findings This research identifies potential metrics which can be used successfully to measure product modularity level or index in manufacturing industries. Selection of such metrics also depends on individual company’s objectives to measure modularity index. Originality/value This research contributes to the development of modular product design that supports product family design with lean and agile (leagile) supply chain process. It also provided a parsimonious framework to mapping modules within a product, which is ultimately used to measure modularity index.

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Classroom chair is considered as an important element for students to improve comfort and concentration in study environment. An ergonomic chair design and engineering is therefore considered very important for its usability and comfort point of views for the students. An ergonomic chair ensures better comfort and confidence for the students in a classroom environment. This research study is proposed an innovative ergonomic chair design and engineering with the objective to satisfy all the basic needs of the students in the classroom environment. In order to design and engineering this proposed chair, relevant data was collected from the prospective students through face-toface interview, and both online and off-line questionnaires surveys. The proposed chair was tested and validated and fine-tuned based on the students' feedback after using it exclusively. This research study is concluded with study limitations and future research directions.  Index Terms-ergonomic chair, classroom environment, anthropometric data of students, sitting comfort and safety.

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