Biogas is a flammable gas produced by the fermentation of organic materials by anaerobic bacteria (bacteria that live in airtight conditions). In general all types of organic matter can be processed to produce biogas, however only homogeneous organic matter (solid, liquid) such as feces and urine (urine) of human livestock are suitable for simple biogas systems. In areas where there are many food processing industries, such as tofu, tempeh, fish, pindang or brem, they can integrate their waste channels into the biogas system, so that industrial waste does not pollute the surrounding environment. This is possible because the industrial waste mentioned above comes from homogeneous organic materials. Smoggy biogas fuel is a superior substitute for fuel oil or natural gas. This gas, produced in a process called anaerobic digestion, is a gas mixture of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and small amounts of nitrogen, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrogen. Naturally, this gas is formed in sewerage, garbage piles, lake or swamp beds. Mammals including humans produce biogas in their digestive system, bacteria in the digestive system produce biogas for the digestion of cellulose. Biomass which contains high water content such as animal manure and food processing waste is suitable for use as raw material for making biogas.
The success of development is inseparable from the active participation of the transportation sector. Where the transportation sector is the lifeblood of economic, social, cultural, political and defense-security. The development of the transportation sector is directed at realizing a transportation system that is reliable, highly capable and organized in an integrated, orderly, smooth and comfortable manner; can drive the dynamics of development, the mobility of goods, people and services all at once. Land transportation, one of which is the Road, is a connecting infrastructure by land that is used for human and goods traffic from one place to another. In addition to the aspect of spatial planning activities, the road network has the benefit of directing the growth of an area it traverses, as stated in Regional Regulation no. 10 of 2012 concerning Spatial Planning for the Simalungun Regency, stipulates a transportation network structure plan that is intended to direct the distribution of transportation services and the development of the Simalungun Regency area. At present it is felt that the road on the coast of Lake Toba, Simalungun Regency, is still unable to serve traffic smoothly and safely. There are still locations for these passages that are felt to still need to be addressed to obtain adequate technical feasibility standards, there are still areas that cannot be accessed and have adequate transportation facilities. Determining the economic feasibility of a road maintenance program, it is necessary to analyze the feasibility features economy. In this study, what will be discussed is the feasibility of a road maintenance project with the help of the HDM – III program, then analyzing the output of the program in the form of an analysis of Benefit Cost Ratio, Net Present Value, and Internal Rate of Return. The results of using the HDM-III model show that based on the analysis of road damage, handling with scenario 3 produces better functional road conditions compared to other scenarios. The economic analysis also shows that scenario 3 is more economically feasible than the other scenarios, with minimum maintenance costs and maximum benefits in the form of vehicle operating costs, this is indicated by the NPV, BCR, and IRR values. Keywords: Feasibility Study, HDM – III, Vehicle Operating Costs, Time Value, NPV, BCR, IRR, Missing Link Planning.
The objective of the research is to determine the effects of the disclosure of Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) and Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (ICSR) on financial performance. The amount of ICG and ICSR disclosure can measure from the disclosure score compiled based on the standards of the IFSB, AAOIFI, and relevant previous studies. Profitability ratios measure financial performance in the form of ROA. The population in the research is the Sharia Commercial Bank (BUS) in the period 2012-2020. The research uses pooling data as the sampling method to obtain 109 observational data, which was analyzed using SmartPLS 3.2 and SPSS 23 software. The result shows that the level of disclosure of financial statements from Islamic Commercial Bank shows a good level of disclosure of ICG and ICSR, 74% and 68%, respectively. The result of empirical testing proves that the disclosure of ICG and ICSR has a direct effect positively and significantly on financial performance. Keywords: disclosure, ICG, ICSR, financial performance.
Serdang Bedagai is one of the rice granaries in North Sumatera Province, but its agricultural potential has not been well managed due to lack of water for irrigation, especially in the dry season.With bajayu weir construction, is expected to improve water demand forclean water and irrigation for agricultural processes can be developed and managed bygood.The cost of construction of the dam construction is very large, so it needs to be reviewed if the benefits and income generated are proportional to the costs and losses incurred.The final goal of this research is to conduct financial and economic analysis in the construction of bajayu weir.This study uses financial and economic analysis using Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit cost Ratio (BCR) indicators and also analyzes sensitivity due to cost changes.Optimal handling is estimated after 10 years, so within that time the benefit increases linearly until the 13th year and will remain from year 13 to the next.From the calculation of finance development of bajau irrigation area obtained NPV = Rp.1.778.603.070.507,62-, IRR = 27%, BCR = 4.6.And from the economic calculation of the area of irrigation bajayu obtained NPV = Rp.1.235.038.404.979,95-, IRR = 32% BCR = 6.92.And calculation of sensitivity analysis has also been done to change of cost and benefit equal to ± 5% and ± 10% for financial and economic analysis indicate that project plan still very feasible.
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