Background: Management of cold-associated cough is a challenging aspect of supportive care for the common cold for pediatricians and parents worldwide. Herbal compounds have traditionally been used for the treatment of cold-related cough. Among these compounds, Zataria multiflora (ZM) has been found to be effective for cough relief. Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare a thyme mixture with diphenhydramine in the treatment of cold-related cough in a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial. Patients and Methods: A total of 52 pediatric patients (2 -12 years old) with common colds were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups: one group received diphenhydramine compound and the other received ZM syrup, each for five days. The severity of cold-related symptoms and the efficacy of each drug were determined seven days later by asking the parents to complete a prepared questionnaire. sedation, sleepiness, a four-point scale of cough status, and a two-point scale of consumption convenience were also evaluated in these questionnaires. Results: Our results showed that sedation and sleepiness occurred in 30.8% and 19.2% of the patients in the diphenhydramine and ZM groups, respectively (P = 0.54). Also, 65.4% and 84.6% of the patients in the diphenhydramine and ZM groups, respectively, reported convenient usage (P = 0.10). The patients who received ZM syrup had significantly better outcomes (P = 0.036). Conclusions: Herbal compounds, such as ZM mixtures, are acceptably efficacious in cough relief with fewer adverse effects than chemical compounds in the treatment of cold-related cough, especially in infants and younger children.
Extending the personality of human being to the commercial brands is the subject that researchers have focused on the recent decades. On the other hands Self-congruity is the subject that can have major role in creating brand loyalty. The purpose of this study is to inspect the Effect of Self-congruity on brand loyalty in the mobile industry. We did this by using structural equation modeling (SEM) and PLS software. The main hypothesis of the study was to evaluate the effect of Self-congruity on brand loyalty which deals with the relationship between customer involvement as a mediator variable considered. Research data through 443 questionnaires distributed among Tehran residents between august till October 2014 were collected. Results indicated a significant and Positive relationship between Self-congruity with brand loyalty in the mobile industry. Also, the results indicated the role of the mediation for involvement variable in this relation.
In this study, conjunctive use of surface and groundwater in the Maraghe area was investigated. The objective function used for the overall conjunctive use model was maximizing sum of relative yields of crops in the command area. Declining groundwater levels was selected as criteria of groundwater limitation. The simulation was done for four years and began by a dry year to normal year. GMS software was used to simulate groundwater aquifer. In this model, different well discharges in the study area for different scenarios were used and decline in groundwater level at the end of simulation time was calculated. In order to model surface water and calculate the objective function, a program in Visual Basic was developed. Two types of scenario, annual and seasonal, were defined by specifying the ratio of the allocation of surface water to that of groundwater pumping at the crop level for entire irrigated area. For different scenarios, declining groundwater levels and objective functions were calculated. With attention to maximize objective function that the water table drawdown is not greater than the limited criterion, the best scenario was obtained. In annual scenarios, The results showed that in scenario of 75 - 25 (75% surface water to 25% groundwater), the purpose function rate was 12.2 and water table draw down was 2.6, which was lower than allowable limitation. Therefore, it was chosen as a selective scenario. Also in seasonal scenarios, The best scenario was chosen 100-40-60 (the percentage of surface water share in spring, summer and fall & winter respectively), which amount of purpose function was 12.57 and the water table draw down was around 3 m at the end of the simulation period
Introduction Nowadays, the use of androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) by competitive and non-competitive bodybuilders and its side effects have become a major public health problem. Many studies have focused on determining the role and severity of various factors in AAS use, but the existence of collinearity between the factors leads to the non-significance of important factors. The study aimed to determine factors affecting the androgenic-anabolic steroids use in Iranian bodybuilders. Method This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 280 male bodybuilders (142 non-competitive and 138 competitive bodybuilders) in Hamadan, west of Iran, in 2016. The participations were recruited a multistage sampling method. A self-administrated questionnaire was used, which included parts such as intrapersonal, interpersonal, and behavioral factors affecting on AAS use. To solve the consequences of collinearity was used ridge logistic regression model (RLRM) in R.3.5.1 software. Results The mean age of bodybuilders was 25.21 years (SD = 6.31). The prevalence rate of AAS use among non-competitive and competitive bodybuilders was 27.5% and 34.1%, respectively. Factors such as age, time of starting bodybuilding, attitude, physical self-concept, behavioral intention, coach and friend use AAS, alcohol consumption, and supplement use were associated with AAS use among non-competitive and competitive bodybuilders. Conclusion The results of the study indicated that a combination of intrapersonal, interpersonal and behavioral factors was effective on the androgenic-anabolic steroids use among Iranian bodybuilders. Adequate education about the side effects of AAS and improvement of individual skills seem to be helpful in reducing AAS use.
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