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Owing to the increasing population of elderly patients, a large number of patients with degenerative spondylosis are currently being surgically treated. Although basic measures for decreasing postoperative surgical infections (PSIs) are considered, it still remains among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this retrospective analysis is to present possible causes leading to PSI in patients who underwent surgery for lumbar degenerative spondylosis and highlight how it can be avoided to decrease morbidity and mortality.The study included 540 patients who underwent posterior stabilization due to degenerative lumbar stenosis between January 2013 and January 2014. The data before and after surgery was retrieved from the hospital charts. Patients with degenerative lumbar stenosis who were operated upon in this study had >2 levels of laminectomy and facetectomy. For this reason, posterior stabilization was performed for all the patients included in this study.Determining the causes of postoperative infection (PI) following spinal surgeries performed with instrumentation is a struggle. Seventeen different parameters that may be related to PI were evaluated in this study. The presence of systemic diseases, unknown glove perforations, and perioperative blood transfusions were among the parameters that increased the prevalence of PI. Alternatively, prolene sutures, double-layered gloves, and the use of rifampicin Sv (RIS) decreased the incidence of PI.Although the presence of systemic diseases, unnoticed glove perforations, and perioperative blood transfusions increased PIs, prolene suture material, double-layered gloves, and the use of RIS decreased PIs.

Actinic keratoses (AKs) are precancerous epidermal lesions that develop on sensitive, frequently sun-exposed skin surfaces. There are very little data regarding AK prevalance. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of AK and related conditions among patients in a dermatology outpatient clinic. Patients attending our dermatology outpatient clinic between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2017 were evaluated retrospectively usingan automated system. A total of 54,786 patients aged ≥30 years attending the dermatology outpatient clinic were included in the study. We identified 1375 patients diagnosed with AK. In our study, the AK prevalence was 0.01% for patients between 30 and 39 years of age, 0.45% for patients between 40 and 49 years of age, 1.77% for patients between 50 and 59 years of age, 4.61% for patients between 60 and 69 years of age, 9.38% for patients between 70 and 79 years of age, and 14.57% for patients ≥80 years. AK prevalence was 2.50% among patients of all ages. The exposure to sunlight is excessive due to the geographical location of our country. Due to the tendency of AKs to convert to malignancies, the identification of patients at high risk for AK development and the identification of high-risk anatomical regions are important to establish the basis of effective screening programs to support public health.

Introduction: Isotretinoin (13-cis retinoid) is a synthetic retinoid. It was approved by the FDA in 1982 for use of oral isotretinoin in severe acne. It is also used in moderate-severe acne that does not respond to conventional treatments. Isotretinoin is the only available drug that affects all stages of acne pathogenesis. Aim: To prospectively investigate whether there is an effect of isotretinoin therapy on auditory function and, if so, to demonstrate its association with simultaneous blood lipid levels. Material and methods: Thirty patients (60 ears) with acne vulgaris, who received 0.5 mg/kg of isotretinoin therapy, were included in the study. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and pure tone audiometry tests were performed to evaluate auditory function at the beginning of the procedure and the 6 th month of treatment. In addition, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol levels were recorded. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment mean pure tone audiometry threshold and DPOAE values; however, the increase in total blood cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL levels and the decrease in HDL levels were statistically significant. Conclusions: According to our study findings, isotretinoin did not cause worsening of the bilateral hearing threshold, but increased blood lipid levels. There is no need for follow-up auditory functions in routine practice during therapy, but blood lipid levels should be monitored.

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a common disease characterized by the recurrence of varicella zoster, that stays dormant in sensory ganglia. The primary goal of this study was to compare efficiencies of famciclovir, valaciclovir, and brivudine in terms of pain relief in HZ patients. Records of patients who were admitted to the Dermatology Clinic of our hospital due to acute HZ between the years 2012 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment decisions were at the discretion of caring physicians as valaciclovir (VACV), famciclovir (FCV), and brivudine (BRV) based on the clinical observations. BRV, FCV, and VACV were effective in treating pain in acute HZ. There was no significant difference between mild and moderate HZ patients. In severe cases, a significant reduction in intensity of pain was observed on day 3 in the BRV group, on day 7 in the FCV group, and at 2-3 weeks in the VACV group. There were no significant side effects observed in any of the groups. Results of this study indicate that brivudine may be the first choice in severe HZ cases as it controls pain earlier and is easier to use because of its once daily administration.

Introduction Pyoderma Gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, benign and inflammatory disease characterized by ulcerative skin lesions. We report the successful management of an unusual case of PG following a caesarean section, with extensive cutaneous skin involvement and mimicking necrotizing fasciitis. Presentation of case A 36-year-old woman was admitted with extensive surgical site inflammation after a caesarean section. Despite antibiotic treatment and wound care, the clinical course deteriorated rapidly. Wound debridement following negative pressure closure was performed due to an immediate increase in skin necrosis. A diagnosis of PG was reached based on the absence of a positive wound culture, resistance to wound debridement and the histopathological results. A course of high-dose corticosteroids was started, and a successful clinical course was finally achieved. The patient is now in the 14th month of remission, with no recurrence. Discussion PG is often reported after bowel surgery, especially after complicated stoma or diverticulitis, breast surgery and occasionally after C-sections. The diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum may be challenging because of a wide variety of macroscopic features and its pronounced similarity to necrotizing fasciitis. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids is the most common management option, while surgical treatment is extremely controversial. Conclusion An extensive PG following surgery can mimic necrotizing fasciitis. An interdisciplinary treatment approach provides early diagnosis and effective treatment resulting in less morbidity.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the link between nail fold vessel resistive index (NVRI) measured by ultrasound (US) and capillary loops diameters measured using nailfold videocapillarascopy (NVC), and to assess the morphological appearance of the nail bed in patients with psoriatic nail disease (PND) as compared with healthy controls (HCs).Material and methods: This study was conducted in patients with PND and HCs. General demographic data were collected and clinical assessments were performed for all subjects. The nail plate thickness (NPT) was measured on gray scale using US. The NVRI was measured using color Doppler (CD) US. The measurements of the apical, arterial, venous limb diameters and morpho-structural changes (tortuous, cross-linked capillaries) were assessed using NVC.Results: Thirty-four patients with PND and 15 HCs were enrolled in this study. The two groups were matched for age and body mass index (BMI). Patients with PND had higher NPT and NVRI in comparison with HCs [(20 (17-23) vs 14 (14-15), p<0.001), (0.55 (0.51-0.61) vs 0.43 (0.38-0.49), p<0.001), respectively]. A higher proportion of patients with PND had tortuous capillaries than HCs (62% and 20% respectively, p=0.005). The mean NVRI was higher in patients with PND who had tortuous capillaries than patients who did not have tortuous capillaries (0.58 (0.7) and 0.52 (0.09), respectively p=0.033).Conclusion: Microvascular changes can be detected easily using non-invasive methods such as US and NVC. These methods can provide an objective data to better assess PND.

Introduction: Low grade inflammation is associated with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and atherosclerosis. There are little data on the relationship between urticarial inflammation and atherosclerosis. The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and mean platelet volume (MPV) have recently been studied in many diseases as a biomarker of inflammation. Aim: To evaluate hematologic inflammatory parameters and subclinical atherosclerosis in CSU patients. Material and methods: C-reactive protein (CRP), NLR, PLR, MPV and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in CSU patients were compared with healthy controls. Thirty CSU patients and 30 healthy controls participated in the study. Results: Thirty CSU patients and 30 healthy controls participated in the study. 53.3% of the patient group were females, 46.7% were males and the mean age was 37.7 ±7.7. 53.3% of the healthy control group were females, 46.7% were males and the mean age was 37.1 ±7.2. Body mass index was 24.63 ±2.7 kg/m 2 in the patient group and 24.83 ±2.5 kg/m 2 in the control group. Left and right CIMT and CRP values were higher in CSU patients and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) values were lower in the CSU patients. There was a positive correlation between the right and left CIMT and urticaria activity severity 4 (UAS4), disease severity, and triglycerides in the patient group, also a negative correlation was found between the right and left CIMT and the HDL values. C-reactive protein was also correlated with UAS4 and disease severity. Conclusions: This is the first study to evaluate subclinical atherosclerosis in CSU patients. Chronic spontaneous urticaria may be associated with an increased atherosclerotic risk. Serum CRP concentration can also be used as an objective parameter to evaluate disease severity.