A study was conducted on the morphometric characteristics of Schizothorax species of fish on samples collected from Bhagirathi river in Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand state. Samples were taken from the study sites to measure some important parameters of water quality, which greatly influenced the morphological characteristics of the fish. Morphometric features such as total length, pectoral, pelvic, anal, dorsal, head, caudal length of eyes, caudal width and weight were recorded. Significant effects of dam on fish are observed on the morpho-metric of Schizothorax sp. There was no change in the characters but the wall of the dam put the selection pressure. The maximum length, weight of fish was observed in the study area during winter season and minimum during rainy season. The maximum length and weight were found before the dam. Changes in habitat, physico-chemical parameters, less aquatic macro-invertebrates lead to shorter lengths of fishes. Proper management techniques should be required for the production of fish. This paper will provide knowledge of the impact of dam on the morphometric character of fish along with parameters of water quality. It also gives in-depth knowledge of proper management of river fisheries.
Bhagirathi is a Himalayan River, which flows in Uttrakashi district in Uttarakhand state. It is one of the most important streams of the Ganga River. This river is famous for dam construction and fisheries development. The fishes of commercial importance in cold water are Mahaseer, Snow Trout. The fish production depends on the physical, chemical as well as biological qualities of water. In the present paper, water quality evaluation and dam in the sustaining fish population dynamics have been reviewed to make aware the fish culturist and environmentalist about the water quality factors which influence health of a pond and to increase the fish yields to meet the growing demands of present time scenario of the our country. The construction of dams causes many problems. Water quality and discharge of water from the dam wall systems also indirectly affect the fish populations. In this study, we also review some of the important impacts associated with dams and their recommended mitigation measures. There is a negative impact on fish population dynamics, especially for downstream habits due to dams. Water quality is measured like temperature, turbidity, carbon dioxide, pH, alkalinity, hardness, BOD, TDS, Turbidity. The maximum oxygen content of water was recorded in January 13.02 ± 0.166 mg l−1 and minimum 9.4 ± 0.05 mg l−1 in July in site I phase I (before the reservoir dam wall). While in site II and phase I (After the dam), the maximum DO was observed in the month of January of 12.1 mg l−1 and minimum in July of 8.93 mg l−1. This is because water level is minimized in site II almost dried in winter. The CO2 of the Maneri Bhali phase I -Site I (before dam) was recorded maximum in April 3.10 ± 0.012 mg l−1. In Maneri Bhali phase I -Site II (After dam), the CO2 was recorded maximum 3.01 ± 0.003 mg l−1 in the month July. The river of Garhwal Himalaya harbors a rich aquatic diversity, the most common endemic fish species that inhabit this fresh water is the Schizothorax species. The maximum no. of fish were observed in winter and minimum in monsoon. At present, the production of these fishes from the streams is very poor and is not well managed from recreational and conservation point of view. If such is developed properly, it can have revenue potential for our state government. Sports, fisheries, tourism should be promoted.
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