During screening of some aromatic plants for fungitoxicity of their volatile oils, Cymbopogon pendulus (Nees ex Steud.) Wats. cv. Praman exhibited the strongest activity, completely inhibiting the mycelial growth of the test fungi Microsporum gypseum (Bodin) Guiart and Grigoraki and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (Robin.) Blanchard. The volatile oil distilled from the fresh leaves was found to be fungicidal at its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 200 pg/ml, inhibiting heavy inocula of the test fungi. During testing of its fungitoxic spectrum, it also inhibited mycelial growth of three other fungi and was found to be more active than some commercial drugs tested.
Management pathway of colonic injury has been evolving over last three decades. There has been general agreement that surgical methods dealing with colonic injury did not affect the outcome but there are certain independent risk factors for complications. These risk factors are still not clear and studies are going on to specify these risk factors. The primary objective of this study was to demonstrate that primary closure of colonic injury without colostomy in selective patient is safe. This was a prospective study of 6 year duration. All the colonic injuries operated and divided into two groups: primary repair and colostomy. The criteria for exclusion of primary repair taken were; injury time >8 hour, patient need >4 unit of blood transfusion till surgery, devascularization injury of colon, any pre existing disease of bowel, any severe co morbid disease like uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis, malignancy etc. Both groups are analyzed by assessing complications with special emphasis on leak rate. Patients died within 72 hours of admission were excluded from study. Total 55 colonic injury cases operated and primary repair was done in 35 cases and colostomy in 20 cases. There was 1 mortality in colostomy group and no major morbidity in both groups. The complications in primary repair group were; 1 leak (treated conservatively), 5 wound infections 1 incisional hernia and 1 intra abdominal abscess. In colostomy group 8 cases of wound infections, 2 incisional hernias and 2 intra abdominal abscesses occurred. Primary repair of colon injuries can be safely done in selected patient.
BACKGROUNDVarious modifications have been tried in laparoscopic cholecystectomy since its introduction. One, two and three port LC have been performed on limited scale. Our aim was to compare three port LC with four port LC in patients with cholelithiasis. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of 3 port LC for treatment of cholelithiasis by comparing the result with 4 port LC with respect to safety and efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODSIn this comparative study, a total of 150 patients of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gall stone disease were studied by dividing them into two groups. The results were compared in terms of complications, conversion from 3 port to 4 port and from LC to open procedure, hospital stay, pain score, operative time, need of analgesia and bile duct injury. RESULTSA total of 150 patients of cholelithiasis were treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Three port LC was performed in 60 (40%) patients and 4 port LC was performed in 90 (60%) patients. In group 1, 44.4% patients complained of mild pain and 55.5% experienced moderate-to-severe pain on VAS post-operatively, while in group 2 70% patients complained of mild pain and 30% patients complained of moderate-to-severe pain post-operatively. There was no bile duct injury reported in either group. However, in group 2 (3 port LC) 3 cases (5%) converted to 4 port LC and there was no conversion (open) reported in group 1 (4 port LC). CONCLUSIONIn this comparative study, we found that use of 3 port LC did not affect the procedure safety, conversion rate, operating time and complication rate. Three port LC is routine in our institute and used by experienced surgeons, needed fewer painkillers, shorter hospital stay and more cost effective. Various studies had shown that most of the gall bladder stone were asymptomatic and cholecystectomy was the gold standard surgical treatment of cholelithiasis. In the current laparoscopic era surgical treatment of cholelithiasis has changed, now laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard surgical treatment of cholelithiasis.The laparoscopic procedure was found to cause less scarring, shorter hospital stay and faster recovery than open procedure, but probably at the expense of a higher rate of 'Financial or Other Competing Interest': None. Submission 23-01-2018, Peer Review 17-02-2018, Acceptance 22-02-2018, Published 05-03-2018. Corresponding Author: Mahesh Chandra Pandey, 536/53 KMA, Durga Mandir, Madeh Gani, Sitapur Road, Lucknow-226020, Uttar Pradesh. E-mail: mp211177@gmail.com DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2018 bile duct injuries. 2 Post-operative pain and cosmesis and later complication like incisional hernia and intestinal obstruction should help to decide which technique is better. 3 Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the most commonly performed operations in general surgery and considered standard care for symptomatic gall stone. 4 Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was first performed in 1987 by Philip Mouret. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy traditionally performed throu...
Indian higher education system is the third largest higher education system in the world. The failure and success of any nations depends on their human resource. The improvement of human resource is the responsibility of higher education system of any country. In this paper we have discuss on causes of deterioration in quality and measures of improvement in Indian education system. In this paper we have limited ourselves to mainly qualitative lag. Because today we are facing serious quality crisis in our education system.
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