Sheet metal is widely used in industry and in different production processes. The present work aims to reduce the bending force in the air-die bending process. Different mild steel sheet thicknesses (0.5, 0.75, 1, and 1.25 mm) were considered, and two techniques were proposed. The first technique involves an annealing process, while the second one considers cutting a rectangular hole along the bending line. The bending stress was calculated using Autodesk inventor software. The results revealed that the annealing process can provide significant ductility improvement and hence bending force reduction, and that annealing time is an important factor that influences ductility development. Moreover, cutting a hole along the bending line could reduce the bending stress and consequently the bending force. The study also reported that increasing the thickness beyond a specific value could result in a reduction in bending force instead of an increase, which is attributed to a temperature increase in the sheet and bending tool.
Abstract. Organisations should select the appropriate improvement initiative that will fit with the context of organisation and provide value to the organisation. This paper presents 18 factors to be considered when selecting an organisational improvement initiative. Organisational improvement initiatives are approaches, management systems, tools and/or techniques that can be used for managing and improving organisations, such as Lean, ISO9001, Six Sigma and Improvement Team. A survey was conducted to identify the level of importance of these 18 factors as criteria for selecting an improvement initiative. Purposive sampling was used for this survey involving practitioners, managers, engineers, executives, consultants and/or academicians, who have been involved in the selection and/or implementation of organisational improvement initiatives in Malaysia. Two factors were rated as 'very high importance', which involve: (1) The ability to gain top management commitment and support to introduce and implement the initiative successfully, and (2) The initiative is aligned to the vision, mission and/or purpose of the organisation. All these factors can be adopted by the organisations as decision criteria to assist in the selection of the most appropriate improvement initiative based on rational decision making.
The aim of the present study is to facilitate the machining process of cast steel (HSS) through cooling and lubricating by compressed air with liquid in three directions and consisting of (oil, soap, carbolic acid, and sculpture) and was compared with the lubricant process in one direction and at different cutting speeds (2.08, 6.25, 10.4, and 14.16 m/sec). The Auto Desk Inventor programme is used to simulate the cutting process by applying cutting forces to the tool's shear surface. The interface equipment is used to measure cutting tool strains by the response of a strain gauge and the Arduino equipment to measure cutting tool temperature. In addition, the tool strain equations were used assuming that the cutting tool is fixed between the two walls (fixing region and surface of the workpiece) to get the best results at the same speed. The results refer to the lubricant in three directions, which is better than one direction due to decreasing cutting tool strain, reaction of cutting force on the shear surface of the cutting tool, and cutting tool temperature. The experimental results show that a cutting speed of 10.4 m/sec is the best for the cutting process. Furthermore, the numerical results are converged with practical results in a small correction factor (0.428), preventing the tool from vanishing.
Tool wear is a major problem in machining operations because the resulting material loss gradually changes of the machine tool. There many factors may leads to material loss like; friction, corrosion, and also it’s happened by rubbing during machining processes between the work piece and the tool. Dimensional accuracy of the work piece, and also the surface finish will be reducing by tool wear. It can also increase cutting force. In this study, we focused on the effect of the coating process on crater wear problems. Crater wear is caused by the flow between the chip and the rake face of the tool, whereas flank wear is caused by the contact between the tool and the work piece. In reducing crater wear, aluminum titanium nitride (AlTiN) using Al0.67 Ti0.33 in cathodic arc plating system is considered effective as a tools coating material. In reducing flank wear, AlTiN is also deemed as the best tool coating material. Experimentally, the use of Ti/AlTiN-coated tools has been proven effective in reducing crater wear. In this study, the roughness Ra values of the (Ti/AlTiN) coatings were (0.14, 0.15, 0.23, 0.02, 0.21) µm at values of layers thickness (1.138, 1.518, 1.735, 2.717, 3.0818) µm, respectively. The lowest COF appeared at thickness 2.717 µm and the high coefficient of friction of the Ti/AlTiN coating was a result of high roughness and the large contact surface area of the system coating steel ball. The two most important parameters used to measure crater wear are length and width of wear.
تقوم فكرة البحث على أساس وجود تحيز فكري في التنظير المحاسبي وفقا للمعاييرالمحاسبية وهذا ما يقود للقول بعدم وجود نظرية محاسبية مقبولة وموحدة، وبناءً على هذه الفكرةفلقد تم الافتراض بوجود علاقة وتأثير بين التحيز الفكري والمعايير المحاسبية، ولغرض اختبار هذه الفرضية فلقد تم تصميم استمارة استبيان خاصة بالبحث، والتي تم توزيعها على عينة منأكاديميي المحاسبة في العراق؛ ومن خلال تحليل الإجابات على الأسئلة التي تم طرحها في هذهالاستبانة تم التوصل الى عدد من النتائج التي اكدت على اتفاق الافراد عينة البحث على ان متغيرالتحيز الفكري كان له الأثر الأكبر في متغير المعايير المحاسبية، وتوصي الدراسة على حثالمنظمات المهنية المحاسبية على تعزيز المفاهيم المحاسبية وذلك من خلال إزالة جميع القيودوالمعوقات التي تقيدها لان الأشخاص الذين تناولوا مسألة التنظير في المحاسبة هم جزء من البيئةوالتي من الممكن ان تتأثر أفكارهم واراءهم ومعتقداتهم والتي من الممكن ان تنعكس على تلكالمفاهيم المحاسبية.
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