Ethanol ingestion by pregnant women can result in the development of the fetal alcohol syndrome in their progeny. To investigate the late consequences of maternal ethanol ingestion upon male progeny, pregnant dams were administered ethanol-containing liquid diets from the 12th day of gestation to 10 days postpartum and their male progeny were compared to those of offspring obtained from dams isocalorically fed a liquid diet without alcohol in which Dextri-Maltose isocalorically replaced the ethanol of the ethanol-containing diet and those of dams fed a standard rat chow ad libitum. A significant decrease in body weight at birth (p less than 0.0001), at weaning, and at 55 days of age (postpuberty) (p less than 0.005) was found for the in utero ethanol-exposed animals as compared to that of the animals obtained from the two control groups. Anogenital distances and indices (measures of masculinity) in the male progeny were reduced (p less than 0.001) on days 1 and 5 in the alcohol-exposed animals as compared to those of the two control groups. Testes and prostate-seminal vesicle weights of the alcohol-exposed animals were reduced on day 55 (p less than 0.05) and again on day 110 (p less than 0.01) as compared to those of the two control groups. Similarly, serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels were reduced significantly on day 55 (p less than 0.05) in the alcohol-exposed animals but not in the controls. No difference was noted at 110 days of age in testosterone and LH (luteinizing hormone) levels between the various groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The thyroid hormones T4, T3, rT3 and TSH were assayed in 134 adult patients evaluated and accepted as potential liver transplant candidates at the University of Pittsburgh from March, 1981 to December, 1983. The subsequent course of these patients was evaluated with respect to the levels of these hormones obtained at the time of acceptance for transplantation. T4 levels were increased significantly while their T3 levels were reduced (both p less than 0.01) in those who survived and were discharged home as compared to either those who died waiting to be transplanted or died following the procedure. As a result, the ratio of T3/T4 was reduced markedly (p less than 0.01) in those who were transplanted and survived as compared to those not transplanted or dying following transplantation. Importantly, the rT3 levels clearly separated (p less than 0.01) those who would die prior to transplantation from those who would survive to be transplanted. Finally, the ratio rT3/T3 even more clearly separates those who will die prior to transplantation (p less than 0.01) from the other two groups. These data suggest that thyroid hormone levels, particularly rT3 levels, might be useful in setting priorities for which patients referred for a transplantation evaluation should be accepted into the program and in determining who among accepted patients should be operated upon in preference to others also accepted and waiting to be transplanted.
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