Stability and stabilization analysis of fractional‐order linear time‐invariant (FO‐LTI) systems with different derivative orders is studied in this paper. First, by using an appropriate linear matrix function, a single‐order equivalent system for the given different‐order system is introduced by which a new stability condition is obtained that is easier to check in practice than the conditions known up to now. Then the stabilization problem of fractional‐order linear systems with different fractional orders via a dynamic output feedback controller with a predetermined order is investigated, utilizing the proposed stability criterion. The proposed stability and stabilization theorems are applicable to FO‐LTI systems with different fractional orders in one or both of 0 < α < 1 and 1 ≤ α < 2 intervals. Finally, some numerical examples are presented to confirm the obtained analytical results.
This paper deals with designing a robust fixed-order dynamic output feedback controller for uncertain fractionalorder linear time invariant (FO-LTI) systems by means of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Our purpose is to design a loworder controller that stabilizes the fractional-order linear system in the presence of model uncertainties. No limiting constraint on the state space matrices of the uncertain system is assumed in the design procedure. Furthermore, adopting the most complete model of linear controller, with direct feedthrough parameter, does not disturb the LMI-based approach of developing robust stabilizing control. Eventually, the authors illustrate the advantages of the proposed method by some examples and their numerical simulation.
An electrical stimulus is a new approach to neural differentiation of stem cells. In this work, the neural differentiation of conjunctiva mesenchymal stem cells (CJMSCs) on a new 3D conductive fibrous scaffold of silk fibroin (SF) and reduced graphene oxide (rGo) were examined. rGo (3.5% w/w) was dispersed in SF‐acid formic solution (10% w/v) and conductive nanofibrous scaffold was fabricated using the electrospinning method. SEM and TEM microscopies were used for fibrous scaffold characterization. CJMSCs were cultured on the scaffold and 2 electrical impulse models (Current 1:115 V/m, 100‐Hz frequency and current 2:115 v/m voltages, 0.1‐Hz frequency) were applied for 7 days. Also, the effect of the fibrous scaffold and electrical impulses on cell viability and neural gene expression were examined using MTT assay and qPCR analysis. Fibrous scaffold with the 220 ± 20 nm diameter and good dispersion of graphene nanosheets at the surface of nanofibers were fabricated. The MTT result showed the viability of cells on the scaffold, with current 2 lower than current 1. qPCR analysis confirmed that the expression of β‐tubulin (2.4‐fold P ≤ 0.026), MAP‐2 (1.48‐fold; P ≤ 0.03), and nestin (1.5‐fold; P ≤ 0.03) genes were higher in CJMSCs on conductive scaffold with 100‐Hz frequency compared to 0.1‐Hz frequency. Collectively, we proposed that SF‐rGo fibrous scaffolds, as a new conductive fibrous scaffold with electrical stimulation are good strategies for neural differentiation of stem cells and the type of electrical pulses has an influence on neural differentiation and proliferation of CJMSCs.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.